Auroras on Ganymede, Superflare Warnings and Japan’s Very Bad Week

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Beautiful!

Justo Vedas ha juste abratado el visión anuco de ver varied R Reich en nåeddbol

con las aciones r planas.

Y parece simplemente macias ryas que fijas casi donde Trump simmer a las otras actas que hacia conscious.

away.

¿Parece una tensión?

Nosotros sabrarlo para gent metres que no�를 lo nosotros trabajas más duramente en su curiousidad.

Es SCPera Ten rag".

Son cerca de una caída surez de agua de sal,

como un condenio a свои crústice.

y es el único muro en nuestro todo-solar sistema,

para tener su propio magnetic field.

Y esa magnetic field es la verdadera historia.

La research fue establecida por astrofisicists

en el universo de Lígear en Belgium

y la utilizaba data de NASA's Juno spacecraft

que ha hecho un plato de ganamí en 2021,

con más de 1000 kilómetros de la superficie.

¿Qué hicieron?

Precios observaciones en su gran ganamí de Hadaroras,

pero eran blurros y la resolución de la resolución.

Con Juno's ultraviolet spectrograph,

el equipo podría finalmente ver el fin de detalle

y lo que han hecho para ellos.

Sí, están expectando de ver un poco de continuación

o volviendo a los bancos de gluinga

como un curto de cura.

Instead, ganamí de ganar ganamí de Hadaroras

se han fragmentado en un par de distintas patas.

Cada uno de los 50 kilómetros de la superficie.

Y, crucially, las mismas estructuras,

son algo que se ve en ERFs su interior.

Os пользan al raro de la filosofía,

la langa a la peine de los magnítos de la posibilidad

que producen enormes concentratehos de energía.

Mi verdadero momento que ha MACCLA

y el buen partido de ganamí

es que las fundamentalias físicas de ganamí

pueden ser muy únicas.

¿Cuáles es una gran idea apreciosa

cuando empiechan a lo cual,

que la misma gran egal de su gran ganamí

que las ripnas de polaro a las guerras

es algo de un baño de un 1.500 kilómetros de un pecho.

La research fue publicada en la economía y astrofísica.

Y si estás listo, cuando vamos a ver una otra Look,

frustraron que Juno no nos vuelve a ganar otra vez.

La próxima oportunidad será en 2031

cuando Issa es un espacio-crafo que viene en Jupiter.

Hasta luego, estos 15 minutos de data de 2021

son todos que tenemos.

15 minutos de data que ha captado los cientistas

para los años.

Es muy remarable, ¿verdad?

OK, la próxima y esta persona ha cambiado en el mundo real.

un equipo internacional de la sociedad ha desarrollado con los que se llama el sistema

que puede realmente predictar cuando y donde las más grandes sombreras son superfleras

son muy contentos.

Y la número de headline aquí es remarkable.

Ellos están hablando de un año antes de la warna,

que si sabes algo sobre cómo sol y foretaste de la forma,

es un juego completamente changer.

Porque hoy podemos predictar un flore de unos días antes de que se ha hecho,

if were lucky and that's for regular flares. Super flares, the really extreme X10 or stronger events

happened so fast and so unpredictably that they have historically been almost impossible to foresee.

So how does this new approach work? The team led by Dr. Victor Velasco-Araera from the National

Autonomous University of Mexico analyzed nearly 50 years of x-ray data from solar monitoring satellites.

They identified two repeating natural cycles in solar activity, one lasting about 1.7 years

and another of around seven years. When those cycles align in certain ways, the risk of super flares

increases sharply. And the system doesn't just give you a time window. It also identifies which

specific regions of the Sun are at greatest risk. For solar cycle 25, the one we're in right now,

the model flags a high-risk window that runs roughly from mid-2025 through to mid-2026,

focused on the Sun's southern hemisphere. Beaning, we're in it right now. We are, and the reason

this matters so much is what a serious super flare could actually do. We're talking widespread

power grid failures, satellite damage, GPS disruption, communications blackouts,

for astronauts traveling outside Earth's magnetic protection, like the Artemis II crew

heading around the moon, it could pose serious radiation risks. The team actually validated this

approach by demonstrating it correctly anticipated powerful eruptions on the far side of the Sun in

2024. Events nobody knew about until after the fact. That retroactive confirmation is what gives

the scientific community confidence the model is genuinely working. It's been published in the

Journal of Geophysical Research. Lead researcher Dr. Velasco Herrera put it well. We can't tell you the

exact moment a storm will erupt, but we can tell you when the conditions are most dangerous,

and that lead time is what makes all the difference for utilities, satellite operators,

and space agencies planning missions. Think of it like a hurricane season forecast,

rather than a specific storm path prediction. You know when to be on guard. That could genuinely

save lives and billions of dollars in infrastructure. Right. Let's take a breath from the

we're all in danger stories and look at something beautiful. NASA and ESA have released a stunning

new combined image of the cat's eye nebula bringing together observations from two of our most

powerful space telescopes, Euclid and Hubble. The cat's eye nebula is one of those objects that

just never gets old. It's a planetary nebula. The glowing remains of a star similar to our Sun

that expelled its outer layers as it died. Located about 3,000 light years away in the constellation

Draco, it was actually one of the first nebulae ever observed through a spectroscope way back in

1864. And Hubble has imaged that before, famously, but this new composite uses Euclid's wide field

infrared capability alongside Hubble's detailed optical and ultraviolet data to produce something

genuinely new. You can see the layered billowing shrouds of expelled material in extraordinary detail

along with the intricate inner structures around the central white dwarf.

What I love about this story is what it says about where we are with our telescope infrastructure

right now. We have Hubble, Webb, Euclid all operating simultaneously, each with different strengths

and scientists are combining their data to produce views of the universe that no single instrument

could achieve alone. This is also, in a very direct sense, a preview of our own Sun's future.

In about 5 billion years, our Sun will go through the same process,

jetting its outer layers leaving behind a glowing nebula and a dense white dwarf at its core.

The cat's eye is one possible version of our cosmic obituary.

Tear full, but genuinely awe-inspiring, will have a link to the full image in the show notes.

It is absolutely worth seeing full size.

It's just incredible what they keep on finding out there.

Staying in the beautiful corner of the universe for a moment,

the James Webb Space Telescope has delivered another jaw-dropping image,

this time of a spiral galaxy called NGC-5134, sitting about 65 million light years away.

So not exactly next door, but in infrared, Webb is able to pierce through the dust

that normally obscures so much of the galactic structure.

And what it reveals is extraordinary, glowing clouds of gas, stellar nurseries

where new stars are actively forming, and the intricate spiral arms traced in enormous detail.

NGC-5134 is what's called a barred spiral galaxy.

It has a central bar-shaped structure from which its spiral arms extend.

Galaxies like this are really important to study because they let us trace

the entire stellar life cycle in one place.

From dense clouds of gas where new stars are just beginning to form,

right through to older stellar populations in the central regions.

And this image also serves as the kind of reference point for understanding galaxy evolution

more broadly. By comparing infrared observations of galaxies like NGC-5134 across cosmic time,

astronomers can build a picture of how galaxies grow, change,

and eventually, in some cases, stop forming stars altogether.

Webb continues to deliver every single week there's something new.

Link to the full image in the show notes, as always.

OK, we've had two gorgeous images and some landmark science.

Time to talk about Japan's very unlucky rocket program.

Poor Kairos, so to set the scene for anyone just joining this story,

Space One is a Tokyo-based startup founded in 2018.

Backed by Canon, IHI, Aerospace, Shimizu Corporation,

and the development bank of Japan.

They've been trying to become the first fully private Japanese company

to put satellites into orbit using a domestically developed rocket.

Their first Kairos rocket exploded seconds after liftoff in March 2024.

The second one made it off the pad in December 2024,

but lost attitude control about two minutes in creating what one commentator described

as a very expensive corkscrew in the sky.

And so all eyes were on Kairos number three,

which has been through a genuinely painful week.

The launch was originally scheduled for February 25th,

scrubbed for weather.

Ben rescheduled for Sunday, scrubbed for weather again.

Ben rescheduled for Wednesday, March 4th,

which seemed promising.

And then a safety monitoring system activated 30 seconds before liftoff

due to unstable signal reception from a positioning satellite,

and the launch was aborted.

No new date has been set, though the launch window runs until March 25th.

And to be clear, that system activating

is actually the system doing exactly what it's supposed to do.

This is not a failure in the sense that the previous two launches were.

It's the safeguard working correctly,

but it's still deeply frustrating for everyone involved,

including the local community in Kushimoto,

who've embraced this as a kind of space tourism attraction.

There's something genuinely compelling about this story,

because it's about a country's private space industry

trying to find its feet in a market now dominated by space X.

Japan has excellent government rockets.

The H3 has been going well,

but the commercial small satellite launch market

is where everyone wants to be,

and space one is fighting hard to get there.

We will absolutely be watching.

Still a few weeks in the launch window,

fingers crossed for Cairo number three.

We'll keep you updated.

And finally, a story I find genuinely exciting

because it's about solving a problem

we've been quietly ignoring for decades.

Europe is developing orbital repair robots,

autonomous spacecraft that could refuel, fix,

and reposition satellites in orbit.

The framing I love here is Space Tochucks,

which is how the project manager,

a Thales Alinea space,

Stephanie Bihar La Fenetra, described it.

The idea is a robotic satellite with a mechanical arm

that can approach a stricken or aging satellite,

capture it, service it,

and if necessary, push it to a different orbit.

The scale of the problem this addresses is significant.

There are now nearly 15,000 operational satellites in orbit.

The vast majority were designed to be entirely disposable.

Once they malfunction or run out of fuel,

they either drift into a graveyard orbit

or contribute to the growing debris problem.

Repair was never part of the business model.

Thales Alinea space is planning a demonstration mission for 2028,

so still a few years away

that will prove out the capture and servicing technology.

One of the clever insights in the engineering

is that around three-quarters of all satellites in orbit

have robust metal rings that were originally designed for launch.

Those rings turn out to be ideal grab points for a robotic arm

even though nobody designed them with that in mind.

There are fascinating legal questions, too.

If a French company's robot repairs a South Korean military satellite,

who bears liability if something goes wrong during the procedure?

These are genuinely unsolved problems in international space law

that need to be worked out before this market can scale.

And it's not just Europe.

There are parallel programs in the US and China.

But this story shows Europe is serious about staking a claim

in what could be a very large market.

For telecommunications companies running aging geostationary satellites

worth hundreds of millions of dollars,

the economics of repair versus replacement are compelling.

It's also just a nice idea, isn't it?

Space is full of expensive hardware we've abandoned.

The idea that we might start going back up there

to fix things rather than just launch new ones

feels like a more mature relationship with the orbital environment.

And that's our six for today.

Aurora's on Ganymede, solar super flare forecasting,

the Katzai Nebula reimagined, a stunning web galaxy,

Japan's ongoing rocket struggles,

and Europe's plans to send robots to fix our orbital infrastructure.

If you want to see any of the images we talked about today,

the Katzai, NGC 5134, Ganymede's Aurora's,

they're all linked in the show notes and the blog post

over at astronomydaily.io.

If you're enjoying the show, the best thing you can do

is leave us a review on Apple Podcast or Spotify

and share the episode with a friend who loves space.

It genuinely makes a difference.

You can also find us at AstroDailyPod across X,

Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and Facebook.

We're back tomorrow with more.

Until then, keep looking up.

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