Classic Radio Special - The Closing of CBS News Radio and Farewell to Studio Nine

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Now step back into a time machine with your host, Wyatt Cox.

Good evening, friends of the NSA.

Well, it's the classic radio theater I really didn't want to do.

And this, no, we're not stopping the podcast again.

No, what's happening this time is the sad sad news that came out

over the last week that came over out on this last Friday.

That CBS news radio was ceasing production.

And that the words CBS radio.

Well, not beyond the radio in the future.

Even in these last years where CBS was having dramatic amounts of news

problems on their television side.

I can tell you that as a broadcaster, as somebody who deals with radio news on a daily basis,

CBS was still producing exceptional radio coverage and providing affiliates with coverage

that was not matched anywhere else.

The problem was it wasn't making enough money for Barry Weiss apparently.

And those are my editorial opinions.

I have something that was shared with me by one of our

old time radio collector friends.

And we are going to bring it to you in a very special podcast.

This very, very recent.

This is from July 25, 1964.

As CBS news was moving its news facilities from the old studio nine to brand new facilities.

This was a one hour special from CBS entitled Farewell to studio nine.

And we'll have the first half of that for you in just a moment.

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Now classic radio theater brings you the first half of Fairwell to Studio

9, a CBS news special report.

The voices of Studio 9 Edward R. Morrow on a London rooftop during the Blitz.

This is London.

I'm standing again tonight for being out for London.

In the course of the last 15 or 20 minutes, there's been considerable action up here.

Charles Cullingwood describing the German surrender.

General Yordel said in a voice that choked and almost broke.

With this signature, the German people and the German armed forces are for better or worse

delivered into the victor's hands.

In this war, which is last.

H.V. Caltonborn speculating about a third term for FDR.

Good evening everybody.

There has been a contest of wits between the president of the United States and the Washington

Reporters. They have sought to make him tell what he intends to do about a third term.

He has sought.

Eric Severard recalling the fall of France.

The life just simply ran out of the city.

There's like a beautiful woman lying in a coma with a life blood just draining out of every

every vein and every street.

I noticed a one way.

Those are the voices of CBS Radio News Studio 9.

Those and others like Elmer Davis, William L. Shire, John Daley, Nolan Jackson,

who through the dark days of Hitler's march through Europe and World War II,

through the 50s and now the 60s, brought the living history of the world through Studio 9

and into the living rooms of the nation.

Tonight they bid farewell to Studio 9.

Farewell to Studio 9.

An affectionate goodbye to the birthplace of CBS News.

Here is CBS News correspondent Robert Traut.

I am speaking to you from Studio 9.

As broadcasting facilities go, this one is not remarkable at all.

It's just a soundproofed room, 15 by 20,

surrounded on two sides by glass and cased control rooms.

On the third, it looks out into the clutter of the CBS Newsroom.

It's not the handsomeest radio studio, not the most modern, not lovely at all.

But for those who have worked here, it has a charm all its own.

We shall miss it.

We have been moving from this headquarters of CBS News at 52nd Street in Madison Avenue in New

York City to our new headquarters on the west side of Manhattan.

And this old Studio 9 goes dead.

The voices of those decades that have gone seem to be talking again,

speaking words that once made people tremble and rejoice and laugh and cry,

sometimes speaking words that will not die.

This program, an affectionate farewell to Studio 9,

is a collection of reminiscences, recollections and reports by the men who built CBS News.

Men like Edward R. Morrell.

Bob, one of the infuriating things I remember about Studio 9 was that,

occasionally, we would get through to master control,

and then they couldn't get it down to Studio 9.

And that produced some rather profane comments because we couldn't see

why we could get a good signal, three, five thousand miles,

and then the Arctic wouldn't get it four floors.

I think the engineers are going to be slightly embarrassed.

Well, we have some recordings of some of the broadcasts of few of those things that you did, Ed.

Would you like to hear any of them? Would you like to hear the one on the rooftop,

the blitz in the blitz? I've never heard it.

Haven't you, really?

Probably terrible.

No, listen to it now.

This is London.

I am standing again tonight on a rooftop looking out for London,

feeling rather large and launching.

In the course of the last 15 or 20 minutes, there's been considerable action up here.

But at the moment, there's an ominous silence hanging over London.

But at the same time, a silence that has a great deal of dignity.

Just straight away in front of me, the third flight we're working,

I can see one or two bursts of anti-aircraft fire far in the distance.

Just on a roof across the way,

I can see a man standing wearing a tin hat man.

With a sterile, powerful night glasses to his eyes, scanning the sky.

Again, looking in the opposite direction, there's a building with two windows gone.

Out of one window there waves, something that looks like a white bed sheet.

A window curtain.

Swinging free in this night breeze, and looks as though it were being shaken by a ghost.

There are great many ghosts around these buildings in London.

In some of them, companies of ghosts.

Yeah, I don't know how you feel about that.

I find it kind of hard to take.

I'll tell you something about that, Robert, that was never reported.

I had to stand on a rooftop for six nights in succession and make a record each night

and submit it to the Ministry of Information in order to persuade the centers that I could add

lib without violating security. And I did it for six nights and the records were lost somewhere

in the Ministry of Information, so then I had to do it for another six nights

before they would finally give me permission after listening to the second take of six

to stand on a rooftop. So I had a lot of time up there.

You remember the studio at the BBC?

That's right.

B4, it was, was referred to as having formerly been a waitresses robing room.

We did not meant that it was for the ladies' lavatory.

And all the broadcasts from London came from that during the war.

This is a reminiscence that you'd ever cared to remember, but it's always been my story.

You remember the first time that you ever went on CBS on the air?

We'd gone to the Christmas party of the publicity department and somehow it stretched on

into the evening, at least for us. And I was practically a tea-topper, you know, I didn't

know anything about all this alcohol. And of course you were always very circumspect.

And as the evening wore on and I remember that I had to do a five-minute news broadcast

supplied by the press radio bureau, you decided that I really wasn't quite fit to do it.

You remember that?

If this is being recorded, I don't remember anything about it.

And I sat in the studio when I was supposed to be doing it and you did it.

That's right. And you were going to give me the cut.

You were going to give me the watch at the end and you gave it to me a minute early and we left

45 seconds of dead air at the end.

I don't remember that at all.

You were the director of talks and we're supposed to be on the air at all.

That's right. I think that was your first broadcast.

So CBS.

And one thing that's almost hard to believe now as we think about it in those early days,

we didn't have any press associations because an associated press, the United Press,

and the International New Service as they were then refused to sell their services to broadcasters.

Remember?

Yes. And I can remember you night after night ending a five-minute news broadcast by saying,

for further details, read your daily newspaper.

That's right.

I could remember when I first went to Europe in 1937, I was not permitted to be a member of the

American Correspondence Association in London and Paris because I was involved in that ridiculous

thing called radio.

All I remember was that shortly after I got to London, you were the president of it.

All that was in the build-up for D-Day, yes.

Just happened to be my third.

No, but I hadn't remembered that you had a hard time getting in.

Well, of course, during the war, you made a number of bombing flights over the enemy territory,

over Germany, broadcasting as you went.

The astonishing broadcast, I know that the management of CBS was kind of unhappy that you insisted

on going on these things and tried to dissuade you and you wouldn't be dissuaded.

We have the result of at least one of those air raids.

Would you like to hear that one?

Oh, yes.

I began to see what was happening to Berlin.

The small incendiaries were going down like a fistful of white rice thrown on a piece of black

velvet. The cookies, the four thousand pound high explosives were bursting below like great

sunflowers gone mad.

And then as we started down again, still held in the light, I remembered that the dog,

still had one of those cookies and a whole basket of incendiaries in his belly,

and the light still held it.

And I was very frightened.

I looked down and the white fires had turned red.

They were beginning to merge and spread, just like what her does on a hot plate.

The bomb doors were open, and then there was a general confident upward thrust under my feet

and Bob said, cookie gone.

A few seconds later, the incendiaries went.

And the dog seemed lighter and easier to handle.

I began to breathe and to reflect again,

that all men would be brave if only they could leave their stomach at home.

When there was a tremendous whoop, an unencological shout from the tail gunner,

and the dog shivered and lost altitude.

I looked to the port side and there was a Lancaster that seemed close enough to cut.

He had whipped straight under us, missed us by 25, 50 feet.

No one knew how much.

Berlin was a kind of orthostated hell, a terrible symphony of light and flame.

There were four reporters on this operation.

Two of them didn't come back.

Two friends of mine, Norman Stockton,

of Australian-associated newspapers, and Lowell Bennett,

an American representing international news service.

There is something of a tradition amongst reporters

that those who were prevented by circumstances

from filing their stories will be covered by their colleagues.

This has been my effort to do so.

I have no doubt that Bennett and Stockton would have given you a better report

of last night's activity.

That was the broadcast that became known as orchestrated hell.

Yeah, I remember that.

I'm sure you do.

One thing that I imagine the public thinking back, listening a bit, perhaps listening to us talk

would find amazing, could hardly believe it is that all during the war, of course,

we didn't use recordings. It was all live.

We were permitted to use them shortly before D-Day,

and we used them from then onward.

For example, broadcasted George Hicks' dead from the ship during the D-Day landings.

That was done on tape.

Yes, very well.

Let's go again, another plane to cut over.

I don't know what's going on.

Looks like we're going to have a night tonight.

Something's burning, it's falling down through the sky.

That's circling down.

Maybe I can't find it.

There we go. They got one.

They got one.

The next record that we have here to listen to is the one when you got to the concentration

camp and saw what had happened in Buchenwald. Let's listen to it.

When I entered men crowded around, tried to lift me to their shoulders.

They were too weak.

Many of them could not get out of bed.

As I walked down to the end of the barracks,

there was applause from the men too weak to get out of bed.

It sounded like the hand clapping of babies.

As he walked out into the courtyard, a man fell dead.

Two others, they must have been over 60,

were crawling towards the latrine.

I saw it, but will not describe it.

In another part of the camp, they showed me the children.

Hundreds of them, some were only six.

One rolled up his sleeve, showed me his number.

It was tattooed on his arm.

D630, it was.

The other showed me their numbers.

They would carry them till they'd die.

The children clung to my hands and stared.

We crossed to the courtyard.

Men kept coming up to speak to me and to touch me.

Professors from Poland, doctors from Vienna, men from all Europe.

Men from the countries that made America.

We proceeded to the small courtyard.

There were two rows of bodies stacked up like cordwood.

They were thin and very white.

Some of the bodies were terribly bruised,

though there seemed to be little flesh to bruise.

Some had been shot through the head, but they bled but little.

It appeared that most of the men and boys had died of starvation.

They had not been executed.

But the manner of death seemed unimportant.

Murder had been done at Puggenvall.

God alone knows how many men and boys have died there during the last 12 years.

As I left that camp, a Frenchman who used to work for Havas in Paris came up to me and said,

you will write something about this perhaps.

And he added, to write about this, you must have been here at least two years.

And after that,

you don't want to write anymore.

I pray you to believe what I have said about Puggenvall.

I have reported what I saw and heard,

but only part of it.

If I have offended you by this rather mild account of Puggenvall,

I'm not in the least sorry.

Listening to that, Ed, makes me realize again how radio came to be the magnificent medium that it is.

And how much you did to make it that kind of medium.

And also, of course, I can't help thinking how much

of those broadcasts, how many of them came through this studio nine.

What does it mean to you?

I keep thinking of the people.

I remember Elmer Davis, always one of the most sensitive men I have ever met.

All the most people didn't realize it.

I wish he could be here with us today.

Let's listen to one of his broadcasts, Elmer Davis.

Whatever the terms imposed on France may be,

it can pretty safely be assumed that they will be such as to make it impossible for France ever to become dangerous to Germany again,

unless, of course, Hitler should be overthrown.

How much farther they may go in the direction of attempting to make France over on the Nazi model remains to be seen,

but at least some of the Nazi theorists seem to have extensive hopes.

One of the chief of these philosophers of Nazism,

a man who has worked out its doctrines very thoroughly, is Alfred Rosenberg.

He is the last prominent figure that he used to be, but he still writes a good deal in the

Falkischer-Bailboxter, the principal Nazi paper.

And some remarks of his quoted in the New York Times last Sunday,

are a suggestion of the sort of oil that the more philosophical Nazis will create if they can.

Mr. Rosenberg writes about Paris.

The fall of Paris, he says, I quote,

the fall of Paris is the beginning of the end of the spiritual and racial

turpitude of Europe.

For Paris was the center of the mental confusion that pervaded Europe, end quote.

Falk Rosenberg and the other Nazis call mental confusion,

and they mean this quite sincerely, it's part of a well thought out philosophy.

What they call mental confusion is what the rest of us call freedom of thought,

the liberty of the mind to work over everything and come to its own conclusions.

This man had an ability to compress and condense without distorting

that I've never heard by anyone in radio anywhere.

He had always the essence of the news, great brevity and great clarity.

His was a genius.

I agree.

It's still the best instrument to throw which to convey the news, this old fashioned radio.

That's what I wanted if you were going to say.

That's true.

Let me just say to you then, goodbye and good luck.

Another voice that was already famous in the early days of the war

belonged to H.V. Keltenborn, who even then, as a young fellow just entering his

sixties, was known to the nation as the Dean of Radio News Analysts.

Now having just celebrated his 86th birthday,

H.V. Keltenborn looks back to the Sudeten crisis of 38

and how it affected the lives of Americans who were keeping track of it.

They'd never used the part of the radios before and they came in

during that crisis. People carried radios all over with them. Wherever you

went, you saw people carrying radios because they were listening to the crisis

and didn't want to lose a minute of it.

Yes, there were as big as suitcases in those days.

Yes, they were pretty big, but they carried them and got a lot out of them.

Does you think that that crisis really is the first thing, the turning point that made

this country more aware of the outside world and the whole world crisis?

I think that's probably its significance, that for the first time,

the entire country was aware of the fact that the actions of one of these

dictators operating over there in Europe could plunge this country

into a world war and that was its significance.

How many days and nights you suppose, I guess neither one of us could possibly remember

how many days and nights it lasted, but you used to sleep on the sofa and

Mrs. Calvin Bourne would bring in the soup for you, do you recall?

That's right, I recall that very well and it was essential that I be there

because things were coming up every minute.

There was no time, day or night when we couldn't be called upon

to analyze a major crisis and so I did sleep in the studio, that was the only way

we could handle it and we certainly did our job.

That is, of course, we never had the commendations that came to us

after that crisis. Gosh, that was something that overwhelmed me.

I got petitions and tributes and cups and Lord knows what all

we could have gone to the Senate. I could have done something on strength

of the reputation that I gathered there.

Yes, but then when the war did come in 1939 and we were again in studio 9,

the country still was, was pretty solidly isolationist. I don't

suppose the United States ever would have entered the war voluntarily.

Well, the best proof that it was isolationist

was the fact that we had a hard time

getting on a prayer by the Archbishop of Canterbury

for peace as against the Kentucky Derby.

And so we set it for the prayer

and by drinks if the two didn't come in exactly the same time.

And I'll never forget the feeling in the words of the announcer

of the Kentucky Derby, but in Louisville, as he said,

gee, we've just had the greatest letdown of our lives

because you took the time that we had taken

for the Kentucky Derby and the audience didn't get any of it.

Well, those were the things that happened

in those days of the old studio.

After the war on Europe was what, one year old in 1940,

we had a presidential election in this country.

And that brings me to another record that we have from those days.

Let's listen to this one.

Carlson Born edits the news. Good evening, everybody.

For months past, there has been a contest of wits

between the president of the United States

and the Washington Reporters.

They have sought to make him tell what he intends to do

about a third term.

He has sought by banter, Percy Flage, clever answer,

smiles, and occasional silence, not to tell him.

How long can that battle of wits go on

without somebody losing his temper?

However, Franklin D. Roosevelt is clever enough with

the property and easy enough in almost any situation

in relation to the potters to be able to continue to handle it.

That's another one we know the end of knowledge,

for you, isn't it?

Would you think at that time that Mr. Roosevelt would run again?

Yes, I felt that he would run again.

I'm sure that he believed that he could handle

this difficult piece or war situation better than anyone else.

And there was nothing against a third term.

The Dean of American News Broadcasters, H.V. Calton-born.

A voice that today regularly commands the nation's attention

is that of Eric Severide, one of Broadcasting's most celebrated news analysts.

When the war began, Eric Severide was a newspaper man in France,

and he joined the growing CBS news staff

as the Germans drove nearer to Paris.

Now it is June 9, 1940.

This is Paris at midnight.

It's been a great day

for the moving and packing industry in Paris.

At the time of the Battle of the Mard in 1914,

the Germans were equally close to the city.

I don't know how many more radio broadcasts

can be met in the Paris studio.

But there is an interruption.

We will try to continue with facilities

installed in other towns for their sound.

I do not think there is any deliberate attempt

to hide the real state of affairs from the people of France.

They are promised to be expected.

They are fatalistic people.

It is this quality which makes Frenchmen stand half-naked

in this wilting heat,

feeding their red hot guns

until literally crushed out by German tanks.

Perhaps this is for some of the young French men and girls,

as I saw them today,

to float on their backs

in the blood of a lone swimming pool

and idly watch the flowering birds of anti-aircraft shells in the sky.

Robert, that's the first time I've heard

any of those broadcasts from that period so long ago

when Paris is about to fall.

I wouldn't recognize my own voice.

That broadcast must have been one of the

first half dozen or so that I ever did.

And I must say frightened me to death.

I didn't know how to speak.

The microphone scared me.

I never quite got over it.

I really made the last broadcast to the states from Paris.

In fact, they packed up that radio station as soon as I finished that night.

It was very bad.

And in the city when the Germans were coming in,

it must have been very shortly after that broadcast

that the government pulled out.

And they didn't tell the people what to do

or where to go, whether to stay or to go.

So they crowded around the railroad stations

and a southern part of Paris,

Gamma Parnas, for example, by the thousands.

I was lucky.

I had a car and I had all the

francs that CBS had in the bank stuffed in my pocket.

And I even had a bicycle on top of that card

an extra can of gasoline.

So I was able to make my way south with the government.

But it was perfectly terrible.

But the roads were clogged, weren't they?

It was awful.

We drove all night and all day just barely creeping along.

It must have taken us.

Oh, many, many, many hours getting out of tour

with the government.

But that last day I was in Paris.

There was a cloud of black smoke

in the north, way to the north,

the creeping toward Paris.

I think some oil dumps or something

been set on fire.

This was very symbolic.

The whole horizon began to dock

and then closed toward the city.

Looking up to the Chancilly Zay,

it was great boulevard.

It was hardly a car left.

I noticed the one waiter

out putting the chairs from a cafe

back inside.

No one sitting there.

The life just simply ran out of the city.

There's like a beautiful woman lying in a coma.

It was a life blood just draining out

from every, every vein, every street.

But we had quite a run of luck.

We had this break about

I'd sent a cable,

a sort of a cold thing in advance to New York.

If I wired them such and such a phrase,

that met a German breakthrough

or French breakthrough or something like that.

And coming down from Canberra

and that long night ride in the refugee train,

we could see the gun flashes off the northeast.

And then we would hear the sound of the guns.

And in our group was an American

who had been an officer in World War I.

And he took out a stopwatch.

And he timed the period.

You see between the flashes and the sound.

And then he figured out how far it was.

And we measured it on a map.

And it was perfectly clear from this little exercise

that the Germans had broken through.

And so I got to Paris.

And I finally remembered after maybe some hours

of having forgotten that cable

that I had in such a cable.

And I sent this code phrase to Paul White in New York.

And then he finally remembered he had such a cable

in his desk and do it out.

And I think Elmer Davis broadcasted

that they had what they believed to be a reputable report

that the Germans had broken through the main French defences.

At least that's what I was told later when I got to New York.

And I remember in New York,

the big front page headlines on the newspapers

more than once with the story of yours

that had come to us through CBS.

And we saw them.

Yes.

I especially just as Paris was falling.

You didn't go to the South at all

to the Vichy government you went to.

No, I left Bordeaux then when Petain took over

and they surrendered.

And in fact, I was on the ship coming out of the mouth of the river.

Our sister ship was bombed and sunk.

I heard on the ship radio, Bill Shire

broadcasting from Compien,

the formal surrender to Hitler.

This was an extraordinary sensation, I must say.

I can't forget it.

You're old, you know.

CBS News correspondent Eric Severard.

We'll listen to William L. Shire at Compien

describing the French surrender

and talk to him about that day in just a moment.

Farewell to Studio 9 will continue

after 10 second pause for station identification.

This is the CBS Radio Network.

As it was originally broadcast July 25, 1964,

CBS News farewell to Studio 9 will continue with the conclusion in a moment

on classic radio theater.

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We've always said classic radio theater was not just about

old-time radio.

It was about history.

And history being made this week in the closing of CBS News.

Now granted, it's two months away before this closes happening.

But let us look back on another change at CBS News

when CBS moved locations.

This farewell to Studio Nine production has a lot of great voices,

including one we don't hear enough William L. Shire.

CBS News continues with Farewell to Studio Nine.

Here again is Robotrop.

As CBS News moves into its new headquarters and Studio Nine shuts down,

the voices that broadcast living history form a permanent record of our time.

One of those who broadcast, William L. Shire, a newspaper man in Berlin,

was hired by European News Director Ed Morrow to help fill the growing call for more broadcasts

from Europe, as the lights again began going out one by one.

Soon, with the Second Global War, a reality, the voice of Shire,

speaking almost nightly from Berlin, was what we came to feel was the principal thread of

sanity that still kept us linked in a way with the capital of the country that was,

although then, undeclared, the enemy.

William L. Shire was in the forest at Compienne in France, June 22, 1940,

looking through a window of a train car, where inside Hitler was accepting the French surrender.

The same train car in which 22 years earlier, the French accepted the German surrender.

William L. Shire on that June day in 1940 described the scene.

Hitler steps up into the car, followed by a garring in the others.

We watch them entering the growing room in martial forces.

Car, we can see right through now through the car window.

Hitler enters France, and takes the place occupied by a martial force

the morning the French Romans just resigned.

The German port, the French port, the atmosphere is what European's call correct.

But you'll get a picture when I say that we see no handshake, not done on occasions like this.

Hitler and the other German leaders rise from their feet at the front end of the drawing room.

Hitler, we see, gives the United Salute the armed rage.

The German officers give a no-time salute, the French do the same.

Hitler, as we can see through the windows just in front of us here, does not say anything.

He nods through General Kidel at his side.

We see General Kidel is just in his paper, and then he starts to read.

He is reading the preamble of the German armistice term.

The French sit there with marble-like faces and listening pennilies.

Hitler and Garring grants it the green paper cup.

We see Hitler stand up, the looks typically would hand up ways.

One side there of the Garring room, followed by Garring, General Barquets,

Grand Admiral Raiders, there, here, here, here, and at the end, here, for little folks.

That was the first of the two-day sessions.

When Hitler arrived at the little clearing in the forest near Compiant,

and laid down the conditions, we were the only people for embarrassingly long hours.

They had a report that the French had signed the armistice,

and that was due to, as are so many scoops in journalism,

to a piece or two, a very good luck.

All the other foreign correspondents, including the Americans, the newspaper people,

had flown back to Berlin that day, because Hitler had said that the armistice news would come from him.

I took a chance and stayed at Compiant. The armistice was signed at 6.50 pm,

and I think I went on the air at seven, and I assumed it was being recorded in Berlin.

But what happened, somebody in Berlin forgot to pull the switch,

and I went straight out from Berlin on the German shortwave center to New York.

I was told later that even people like Churchill and London first got the news,

because Hitler did not release the news of the armistice for six hours.

And I remember, I think later on, I had a feedback with New York, and I heard

Elmer Davis, who was doing the thing that afternoon, saying, well, it's exciting news,

but there's no confirmation that it plays.

The voice of William L. Sharer,

John Daley, whom we then called, John Charles Daley, broadcast for CBS in the 30s from Washington.

Then with the creation of that great dividing line of our times, the start of hostilities,

he made his permanent home here in New York, in this studio 9.

It was here that he made his now famous broadcast on December 7, 1941.

I was standing out there in the newsroom, looking over the machines, waiting for any last minute

things that came in, and Miss Pearl Harbor announcement hit,

and I came in and broke into the Philharmonic concert to announce that Pearl Harbor had been attacked.

We interrupt this program to bring you a special news bulletin.

The Japanese have attacked Pearl Harbor Hawaii by air, President Roosevelt has just announced.

The attack also was made on all naval and military activities on the principal island of Ohio.

The staff was sitting around this table, and we took turns going out and picking up every

little bit of information we could about relationships with the Japanese, the principles involved,

the character nature of Pearl Harbor, getting little shreds of information and telephone calls

to our station affiliates in the area, and we just kept the air and kept on reporting everything

that came through it. It doesn't in the context of all that's done these days, perhaps sound very

revolutionary, but for that time it was the concept that you would just take over a whole network's

operation and give the broadest and widest coverage of the story that you were on in those days

was a revolutionary concept. John Daley also broadcasts the news on that April day in 1945.

Will them us roll? Adventure on the American frontier with the Western family and

Donald Boone in the exciting days following the American Revolution.

We interrupt this program to bring you a special news bulletin from CBS World News.

A press association has just announced that President Roosevelt is dead.

The President died of a cerebral hemorrhage. All we know so far is that the President died at

warm springs in Georgia. I think its impact on me probably was greater than it would be on most

because I had been White House correspondent for three or four years in that wonderfully informal

atmosphere that existed in those days and in that assignment which doesn't unhappily exist

anymore simply because it's grown so that wherever Franklin Roosevelt went as President

that hard core of permanent correspondence assigned to cover the White House went with him

and we all were fond of him. The whole country was I think just brought up short what it did happen.

John Daley recalling the day that was so hard to believe.

Charles Collingwood joined CBS News in London not long after the war began.

He broadcasts his way through the blitz on London then the beginning of the march back to the

continent of Europe, the invasion of North Africa, American troops going into the western end of

the Mediterranean south shore as General Montgomery's British army chased the Germans from the

eastern end and when the Allies sailed from England for the coast of France Charles Collingwood was

there all the way through Paris to the surrender of the Third Reich. Charles is again in Paris now

as chief European correspondent for CBS News and we talk to him about those days.

The entry into Paris was one of the most moving things that I have ever experienced.

The sense of liberation, the great welcome for General De Gaulle who exercised a magic power over

the French crowds just as he does today and their gratitude and the depth and the fervency of

the welcome for the American troops was fantastic and I spoke a little bit of French and I did I guess

talk to them while the mic was open and of course they responded with all of the fervor that was

in their souls then. Yes well I keep hearing you say just the introduction when you was you knew

you would say Meisame you know and my friends I can still hear you saying that a lot of

voice addressing in the multitude they might have run you for something you might have been elected

to the deputies. Well at those days it was easier for the America to get elected to anything that

it would be these. Well then you went through the war a lot more of the war and then came the big

German surrender and we have a tape a recording that we've dug up from the files or shall I say

the archives that sounds a little bit more imposing of you at the surrender of Germany. Would you

like to hear that? Fine. General De Gaulle chief of staff of the German army signed the last

document. He sat there very straight with his head bent over the papers and when he had signed

the last one he put the cap back on the pin and looked up at the men sitting across the plane

with the table opposite him sat General Beetle Smith Eisenhower's chief of staff as he looked to

his right General Yoda could see a big powerful man in the uniform of a Russian general sitting next

to General Smith. He was General Susanapara the Russian delegate. Over his shoulder paired the

extraordinary head of another Russian the head was buried as a guard with fierce unwavering eyes

whose bright and sinister gaze did not for an instant leave the drawn face of General Yodel. Yodel

did not meet his eyes for long then General Yodel looked again at General Smith. I would like to say

something he said Smith nodded Yodel rose stiffly to his feet. Here General he said in a voice that

choked and almost broke with this signature the German people and the German armed forces are

for better or worse delivered into the victor's hands. In this hour I can only express the hope

that the victor will treat them with generosity. Then General Yodel sat down quickly no one else

said anything the Germans lit around as they're wondering what to do next and that another nod

from General Smith they got up General Yodel his aide and Admiral Friedberg who commands the German

navy with Yodel in the lead they walked quickly out of the room. That sounded pretty good. You took

the words out of my mouth Charles it sounded very good indeed very good. As I sit here listening and

then we're playing the record here in New York you're listening across the ocean. A question keeps

going through my mind to which there isn't any answer. I wonder if younger people listening

to these records you know and knowing what they are that their history not written in a book but

as it was being lived. I wonder if they get an emotion as I do or I wonder if they would just

consider it a kind of curiosity. You know you look in a book and you see someone wearing a strange

costume at a picture or you read about a king dying or something like that. I want a curious thing.

To me it's they're very alive very much alive. Well they're very alive to me. I suppose young people

after all you could be quite mature now and not even have been born when these things happen.

It must seem like like ancient history but to me it makes it very much alive.

How things have changed since the war. Here we have the great Franco-German reconciliation,

the friendship between Germany and the United States, the scars of war and Germany are nearly

all healed now. Yes and of course it could have been different. That's the thing really isn't it?

I don't know. I think there's something about fate. I really somehow believe that

people who are motivated by or what in old fashioned terms we'd call wickedness and I think

if there was a wicked man somehow inevitably make the miscalculations that bring about their downfall

and at the same time those people who are motivated by all the things that we believe in generally

somehow tend to make the right decisions. Charles that's not only a highly comforting thought.

I think it's an idealistic note on which we could end our transatlantic conversation today.

Goodbye. Pleasure to talk to you again. Bye.

After a couple of years in England before the D-Day landings I found myself back in New York.

Here in studio 9 again as the war followed its tortured path to victory. When the Germans

collapsed the center of our world broadcasting was here. Many experts said it would take years

to conquer the Japanese but three months after the day of victory in Europe Japan was falling.

I moved out of studio 9 just outside the door where the news machines are, the teletypes

and a direct telephone from the White House hung on the wall. There to be able to broadcast

the great news a few seconds faster than if I had remained inside the studio I sat in a chair

in the news room for four days and nights waiting and then the word came.

7 p.m. Eastern wartime Bob Chopt reporting. The Japanese have accepted our terms fully.

That's the word we've just received from the White House in Washington.

This ladies and gentlemen is the end of the Second World War. The United Nations on land,

on the sea in the air and to the four corners of the earth are united and are victorious.

The great rift between the communist world roughly of the east and the civilization of what we

call the western world was to mark the years after the war. The post-war east-west conflict grew

worse and at its height the Soviet Union blockaded Berlin. The Allied reply successfully carried out

was of course the airlift but in another part of the world after the airlift saved Berlin the

communists attacked in open warfare in Asia the North Koreans crossing the border into South Korea

supplied by the Soviet Union and later reinforced by the communist Chinese. Robert Peerpoint was in

Korea for CBS News the date June 1st 1951 the place of Foxhole during a battle.

We have just hit the dirt.

I don't know whether this tape is still going but I'm off the low right now.

What was that that came over? That was artillery. It's not so bad. I'm going to raise that thing.

Now it's just one o'clock straight up and down on the morning of the 18th and

we're still out here on the hill with Fox Company and Captain Sutton looking down the Chinese

roads as he tried to advance up the valley here. Whoop. That was a big one.

The weapon that changed the world and gave our age its nuclear name the atomic bomb was first

publicly displayed for newsmen in April 1952. Dallas Townsend was at Yaka Flats in Nevada.

That's it. You could feel the flash. You could feel the heat. We're waiting three seconds.

We can see the clouds going up in the air. We're taking our goggles off.

There is the cloud, the enormous cloud.

It's already going high into the air. A great glowing mass. Now the cloud is beginning to expand

a sort of cataract of white foam. White cloud is pouring over the top of it.

That was the shock wave.

The space age arrived with the Soviet launching of the first splitnik that caught the United

States by surprise. Even into the era of manned flight, the Soviet Union at first had the field

or the sky to itself. Then on May 5, 1961, the first American to enter outer space,

Alan Shepard went up from Cape Canaveral. The broadcast went through this studio nine and I was

in Florida at the scene. Three, two, one, zero. Ignition. You don't hear the sound yet,

but we see the flame very slowly, majestically. The red stone rises into the sky. It's man invisible

inside the capsule and a flame clearly seems like a beaming light, like a search light. Focus

down at the earth again as that thin, thin pencil goes slowly up into the clear sky and now the sound

goes louder and louder and swallows everything.

Many times from this studio nine, we call in the eternal city, Rome, often to hear a timely

and timeless event, like the announcement that the Roman Catholic Church had a new Pope.

Here is Winston Burdett reporting.

And he's taken the name of Pope Paul VI.

There have been all night broadcasts and all day broadcasts in and through this studio nine,

invasions, coronations, elections and the collapse of empires. Events like the drive across France

reported by Bill Downes and Larry Lesser, the founding of the United Nations,

reported by Ned Calmer, the rise of post-war Germany, reported by Richard C. Hottelit,

the sinking of the Andrea Doria, reported by Douglas Edwards.

And then there came the day of the broadcast that at first no one could quite believe,

no one wanted to believe, the day of November the 22nd, 1963. Alan Jackson was on the air.

We interrupt this program for a CBS Radio NetAlert Bulletin.

President Kennedy and Governor John Connelly of Texas were both hit by a would-be assassins bullet

as they toured down down Dallas in an open automobile a short while ago.

That is the latest word that had just come in from Dallas on United Press International.

The Associated Press and its first report says the President Kennedy was shot,

just as his motorcade left down down Dallas. Mrs. Kennedy, who was riding with him,

jumped up and grabbed Mr. Kennedy and cried, oh no.

As I listen to that tape just now, I recall that the first dawning of the disaster that had happened

came to me intuitively, perhaps, when I read a quote of Mrs. Kennedy when she said, oh no.

Somehow, this just struck me very deeply at the time.

This was one of those stories where you believe it and yet you don't want to believe it.

And then, of course, as time went on, you kept fearing the inevitable conclusion that you knew

was coming. I have the slightest idea of anything else that was happening that day.

There was the usual run of things, I suppose, Africa and Europe and maybe something at the UN,

but at this moment I can't recall anything else but that one story.

I don't think I ever will for that matter.

It wasn't long before the word was final.

Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States is dead.

John F. Kennedy has died of the wounds received in assassination in Dallas less than an hour ago.

We repeat, it has just been announced that President Kennedy is dead.

That was the hardest announcement I ever put on the air any time.

It took a great, big, deep breath on my part to be able to get it out.

Here was this thing which had happened.

You knew it was true and yet there was this great reluctance to announce it as a fact

and yet it had to be done. It was something like 15 or 20 minutes later before the wires came through

with the announcement that the President had died.

Here was another great bit of awful agony in waiting out confirmation.

You were fearful of being having reported the death too soon and at the other hand,

you were hoping that maybe you had been wrong after all but yet knowing that you couldn't be.

Politics, as much as anything, were a part of Studio 9 and they echoed again through here

from San Francisco's Cal Palace where the Republicans were nominating Senator Barry Goldwater

as their presidential candidate. I was there at the convention, my 15th, keeping track of the tally.

Packers sailing into the air, the final demonstration on this night of nominations as just as we

had expected, South Carolina did it and put him over. It's Goldwater Party now.

Barry Goldwater is the Republican candidate for the presidency and they're

unrolling a big banner down there and one of the delegations in those gold letters,

Arizona's Barry is America's future. It's remained the whole bad one.

The Republican Convention of 1964, the last one to go through the Studio 9.

As we say goodbye to the one room that has been headquarters and home to all CBS news correspondents,

three of them tell us what it has met to them. John Daly, H.V. Calton-Born, and Edward R. Morrell.

I was brung up in this room and I really was. I learned much of my trade here.

Very often we tend to forget that the days which culminated in December 7th in the attack on Pearl Harbor,

really with the days when we first put together what is now the great electronic news fraternity

and almost overnight we built a tremendous organization. In one thing, I sit around this table,

I think of the careers that started here, men who came out of other disciplines in the communications field,

Major George Fielding Elliott, who was our military analyst for so many years.

Elmer Davis, Quincy Howe, that great CBS staff, got its basic training right at this table in Studio 9.

However Bob, I feel that it was a great opportunity for radio and I'm only happy

that I was one of the minor instruments in voicing it for the American people.

Any accomplishment like that makes us feel that we have not lived in vain.

Very difficult to put it in the words, Bob. I can remember it in the utmost detail.

I know exactly where the leather couch was. How you used to swing that microphone around,

saw a 3-quarter angle. I'm wondering about your new quarters. I haven't seen them,

but I'm wondering if they will make it any easier to know what to say and how to say it.

I rather doubt it, no matter how fancy they are. What do you think? I doubt it very, very much.

Now that we have come to the end of our look backward, one point stands out. How much of the history

of three decades went through this studio? How little of it we have been able to bring back in this

space of time? So many broadcasts, so little time to remember them. Let us salute the words that

because time cannot be expanded, we're not spoken again on this broadcast today.

As the electric current dies and the microphones grow cold, as the lights are switched off

and the soundproofing comes off the walls, as studio 9 itself passes into the history of our times.

Farewell to studio 9 with Robert Trout. Produced for CBS News by Al Snire.

Correspondent Steve Rollin was special reporter. Audio engineers,

Mort Goldberg and Mike Choskas. Research by Jerry Morgan. Executive producer Lee Hanna.

This is George Bryan speaking. This is the CBS Radio Network.

Here locally in Eileen Nevada, we lose probably the best resource we ever had per news,

from the passing of the Pope, from the shooting of the president,

to latest news. Anything we're news broke to the bombing of Iran.

CBS News gave that to us immediately, along with the ability to go to the White House whenever

news broke there or wherever around the world news happened. Our local radio station now loses

that ability. Whomever we go with to replace CBS, it will be a dramatic challenge.

And we say farewell, not just to studio 9, but to CBS News Radio.

For Classic Radio Theater, I'm Wyatt Cox.

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