Focuses on mapping disease transmission risk through the lens of ecological and biogeographical principles. It emphasizes a novel methodology that integrates spatial epidemiology with species' ecological niches and geographic distributions. The author highlights the importance of high-quality, comprehensive data for pathogens, vectors, and hosts, acknowledging current limitations and biases in available biodiversity information. Crucially, the text discusses various modeling approaches, from component-based analyses to "black-box" summaries of disease occurrences, and the critical steps of data preparation, model calibration, and evaluation for producing robust risk maps, while also considering human factors and environmental variables.