Richard Vaughan Live 11/09/2026

0:00Somorno de Vaugan. Esto es Vaugan radio. Las maninas son más productivas con Richard Vaugan. You're listening to Richard Vaughan Live. Hello and welcome. Welcome to a new edition of Richard Vaughan Live. It's a real pleasure to be here with you. Yes, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. Hello and welcome. Yes, welcome to a new edition of Richard Vaughan Live. It's a pleasure to be here with you.

1:00Yes, on a Wednesday, the middle of the week. It's a Wednesday, Wednesday the eighth. I really, you know, really. It's the eighth of May. Yes, I still look quite into the Mayunotiki Tonsayo, but it's a new miss. May the eighth. May the eighth of the... May the eighth of the... Well, excuse me. May the eighth is Victory Day in Europe for the Second World War. By the way, ladies and gentlemen, you have just heard the voice of Carlos Olius, Astrophysical Amigo Mio, who comes here from time to time. He's always very nervous, talking about things, but it's always interesting. And he... I think this is how much the entropy element is. So you need to calm down. But the eighth of May is Victory in Europe for the Second World War. But not in Russia. No, it's not. It's not ninth. Because the final signing of the peace treaty, it was in the evening, and already in Moscow,

2:02it was the following day, the ninth. So they celebrate on the ninth of May, and we celebrate VE Day, Victory Europe. VJ and V... Victory Japan, Victory VE Day. Although I have some additional information. Yes, okay. Why? We have additional information, ladies and gentlemen. Because... It was also because the... The unconditioner, the surrender of the Germans, was... was scheduled to take place at 23-01. One minute past 11, PM. And... And I worked after that, it was already made the ninth in Moscow. In Moscow. Of course. Yeah. So that's the reason. But... By just the 60 seconds. Really? Okay. We got... Yeah. All right. Well, that time they didn't have daylight savings times, changing the hours. I don't know. I don't know about that.

3:02Yeah. Here in Spain, we're two hours ahead of the sun right now. That's crazy. I mean, it's crazy. I mean, you... In... On June 20th, you know, it's light until 11 PM. Spanish people love that. They don't mind getting up in the dark and leaving home in the dark. I mean, seven or eight months out of the year, when I come here at this 730 in the morning for this program, it's dark the whole way. I leave home in the dark. I get here in the dark. You see? Yeah. I just assume that the sun has come down. You know, I sunrises every day. Which is not true. The sun doesn't rise every day. The earth turns. The sun. The sun is... Is the sun stationary or is the sun moving? Well, everything depends on perspective. But yes, I'd say that it is more accurate than the sun that the earth is rotating, rather than the sun raising and... Rising. Rising and setting. But we say the sun comes up in the east and the sun goes down in the west, but it doesn't.

4:03Yeah, because... But that is simply because our language is human-centric. And that... And that just can be avoided. Yeah, thank you, Mass and Mikro. Yeah. All right. Okay, well, just move the microphone a little bit closer. You don't have to move closer. All right. Yeah, and so we are human-centric. Yeah. Our language. Our language is human-centric. Of course, because we create the universe with our own... Uh-huh. ...in our own mind. You know? Does the universe exist? Does the earth exist? Does this radio show exist? It exists in our mind? But maybe it doesn't. We are already closing up today's topic, I think. You know, when I was a kid living in Houston, so I was... I was still in Houston, I remember. I had the habit sometimes of lying down on the grass in the backyard of my house, and I was seven or eight years old and looking up at the sky. I remember two things. Number one. I saw the clouds moving.

5:05And I remember perfectly saying to myself, Ah! Now I realize the earth is turning, because I was as if the clouds were stationary, and the earth was turning, and that was why those clouds looked like they were moving. But really, the clouds were moving because of the wind, of course. But I thought, oh, now I have proof that the earth does turn. That's one. And the second one was crazy, I thought, well, maybe the sky is the inside of a turtle shell. Maybe we're inside a turtle. You say, maybe. Could be. Or maybe we are within a gigantic explosion. And a giant boy, oh, that's the big bang. Come on, it's a no-bale. I don't agree with the big bang. And your relationship with Carlos is an astrophysicist, and very esteemed astrophysicist. And he believes in the big bang, and I think all of his colleagues, everybody does. They take it for granted.

6:05But I remember in the 19th century, everybody believed in ether, ether. You know, and I mean, if you didn't, I mean, you were a renegade, you know, in an et cetera. And every total, and so now people laugh at it, of course. And I think people in the... I think it was called luminiferos. Okay. I think in 100 years, people are going to laugh at the big bang theory. Yes, I hit the theory. I mean, big bang. Well, I mean, I don't... I think if my memory serves me well, there are some respected cosmologists working on alternate cosmologists. All right, very good. I mean, how can I say this? The big bang is the most dangerous description of the universe as of now. It's the most logical conclusion you've reached. Yes, but everything in science has the...

7:06The Goda as of now. Has the what? The Goda. The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... The... the own. I don't know. According to the May you know, it's in the name of the junio. No, no. It's in the junio. Yeah. Do you know the junio? No, take it as I say. Okay, fine. Okay. But we're on the eighth of May and I shouldn't say that really. It's a mistake that I should say today is the eighth of May. I should say welcome to Wednesday's edition of Richard von Leif, but never the date because later if I am sick, not you will put this program back on. He will be repeated maybe in November. And then people will know if I just say Wednesday, not you, our

8:07sound technician will put on put it on a future Wednesday. You understand? Yes, but so it. And but I can't talk about the weather and I can't talk about the football results, you know, because that gives away. Oh, this is a recording. You understand? I do. Some people not everybody listens to these programs every day. So somebody who catches the program in November on a Wednesday and I say welcome to Wednesday's edition. The person if I don't talk about it, champions league or something, you know, people don't realize that this the program was recorded in March or in April or in May. Well, I speak about the big band. You could claim that there was a time warp or so some. Yeah. Warm whole and then people are listening to your show on on on on on on on November, Wednesday when reality. It is being here on June. I don't know. All right. OK. Not today, but the next time ladies general with Carlos, we're going

9:09to talk about some esoteric things. But the next time you come, we're going to talk about. So what was her name? So I think it's Maria Teresa. Mel Maria de Agrela. She was the confessor of personal name of Phil Becordo. Phil Becordo. Pero era también al mismo tiempo. Maria Jesús de Agrela. She was also La Dama Thul in New Mexico. Yes. By location. By the Bilo Cación, you say. Yes. I can find it. I know. But she was also called the blue lady or something among the Indian tribes in I can't find it. The Indian tribe. Just a second. Let's go back. Let's say La Venera, Sor Maria, Maria, Maria Agrela.

10:11Amundante de la La Cione de Pistola con Phil Becordo, et cetera. And I can't find it. I can't find it. La Dama Thul de los Janos. OK. Here it is. Es famoso por actuar. We're select phenomena extremos, por ejemplo, extracis sobre todos sus apariciones de Nuevo México en Texas. In dones de manceligaba. Amba. Como si se? Evalchalijar. Amba y en Biaba a los indios. She was up in the street. She was plitting the gospel. Yeah. But she never went to America. She was always in in Saudi in Agrela in the north of Soria. So she experienced by location. Now do you believe in by location? No, I don't. I mean, all right, by location. All right. So we can find it. Talk about it the next time. All right.

11:13This is an interesting story about Soria. But in case today we're going to talk about Greg Brayden and the pyramids and other strange things. Are you do you tend to believe what Greg Brayden says? Or do you tend to think he's a bit off the far end? I think he's a little bit in the far end and a little bit beyond after that. All right. So you don't, OK, you take what he says with the grain of salt. With two grains of salt. With two grains of salt. But OK, fine, fine. However, what he claims based on, especially based on archaeological evidence, it seems very plausible that previous civilizations, it quite advanced, have existed before the

12:14Neolithic, before the most recent ice age. Now do you believe that? Yo, he says they have found in Turkey even under the ice in Antarctica. They have found structures built with right angles and advanced structures with perfect rooms and things under the ice in Antarctica. And so there have been civilizations prior to ours destroyed by cataclysmic events, do you agree? No, you don't. I mean, so you think the Neolithic, Neolithic, or the agricultural revolution was the beginning of the only advanced civilization of humans that has existed on this planet? Yes. That I think is correct. All right. So how can you explain some of these archaeological findings that predate the Neolithic and quite advanced?

13:15Well, let's go as the best of funnest ones. I know that there are variation places such as, say, go back to the Tibet in Turkey. Yeah, which are indeed really old. And there are perhaps all the places elsewhere in the world, which are very old as well, say, 10,000 years. So I don't know the exact numbers. But one of the things about, let's say, history, and especially about history of the variation world, let's say before civilization, let's say, before summer, right? Before the Sumerians. Yeah. Before the Sumerians, before it was possible to carry a written record of what happened when you can only rely on, say,

14:23archaeological findings. Findings. Yeah, findings. And you're on logic. And? And you're on logic. And you're on logic. OK. Let me see. Well, even though the big picture about the Neolithic and the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic, also called the Neolithic, and the Neolithic came about, that is, say, mental framework, such as a physics theory. OK. And of course, you have to be open to new findings that might, or may not pose a challenge to the mental framework. But I mean, I don't think that perhaps finding the good, mentally, or other things poses a major challenge to what

15:28Greg Brayden calls the mainstream interpretation of history. I don't know. Yeah, he calls it the mainstream. What Greg Brayden says is that what they teach us in history has to be modified now. And that basically historians, many historians, many professors of history are reluctant to change the story. I'm talking about the story of history, the narrative, or the story of history. OK. No, the history of history. The history of history. That backbone is very hard to translate into Spanish. Yes, I know. The story of history, we're all it's easy. I've read the story of the narrative, the chronological of the history of history. That's the story of history. OK. Yeah. OK. It's a good way to illustrate the difference between history and history. You know, you look at the history of the history of history.

16:35But in any case, so what Greg Brayden is saying is that we need that that the new discoveries are just completely turning things upside down. Sumeria was no longer the beginning, while there's beginning of a current civilization, maybe, but previous civilizations existed that built perhaps, or for example, on Easter Island, you know, the big, the big figures, you know, these big. We are called the Mois. Yeah, the Mois. How did they get there? Or the, the Sphinx? The Sphinx, the last Finkus is Pimini, you know, the Spanish I never know. With certain things like that, I never know. It's a masculine Fimini. You say, last Pidami, this. OK, fine. I learned, I know that, you know, but I don't understand the logic of masculine Fimini. But in any case, giving back to the story.

17:38According to Greg Brayden, the Sphinx predates the Neolithic. It was the great flood. I know. Yeah. And, yeah, I think I think this one makes a number of interesting points, but for instance, the relative size of the Sphinx head with respect to, to, to her body. OK. And also about the, the, the back of the, of the Sphinx. Well, what's, I don't know the part about the head and the body. What does he say about that? I think, I mean, I, I, I cannot remember it exactly, but I think that Greg Brayden says that the head is too large for the body or the other way around, that they are not commas with it to each other. Oh. That's one, one of the points. So that's Finkus Mujikabe Sota. Yeah. Kabetona. Yeah. And, and for that reason, he, he says that the head was scoped later on. Scoped it later on.

18:39Yeah. Maybe, maybe that the original Sphinx was not the one that is currently starting in Egypt. And the, the group, that will be shown. Yeah. He says about the, the rear end of the, of the Sphinx. He says something about. Yeah. There are some, let's say, stripes and in the, it's three, yes, you would say, yeah, some furrows and some, some, we want circles or something. Exactly. On the back, on the back of, of, of the animal, I think that Greg Brayden claims that those could not have been scolored by, by the, the Egyptians or, or he says the, he said, any geologist, he said, any geologists will tell you that was caused by a flood. Yeah. By, by what? Because I think that those stripes are, let's say, two, two us move to be the product of either erosion or, or, or a human, or, or a human hand.

19:42I think, what, that is, this is one of the point he makes. From the point he makes. So it can, when erosion cannot cause that, only water erosion. Yeah. That's his point of view. But you remain skeptical. The only thing I'm doing here is that, is that, I mean, I have been reading and watching his content and I am only presenting his, his points and claims. I am not, I mean, I am not an expert in sculpting, yes, rocks. So I, I would not be able to say that I, yes or no. All right. Or, let's, let's put it this way. I would be able to, but my opinion would not be around, but irrelevant in this, in this topic. All right. Fine. And the pyramids, he claims the pyramids were built in a very easy way. Yeah. I know.

20:43I know. In a very easy and, I would say, strange way. Hell. Well, he claims that the pyramids were built pyramids. Yeah. We're built. Not by, let's stuck him together, blocks, blocks of stone that were available or perhaps transported from, from afar. Yes. And perhaps using the Nile River. No. He, he, he claims that the pyramids were built by putting some sort of epoxy glue mixed with powder. Yeah. And this is the only, the only explanation he, he gave for the absolute perfection in which the, the blocks are stuck together. And you are, you're also skeptical about that. It's, it's very logical. No, but I mean, I, I mean, that, I mean, that I don't know.

21:49I mean, I mean, my opinion is that it's complete, ballot shit. Yeah. It's complete ball. I'd say, ballocks. All right. To, to, to, to, to, to, to, to make it more respectful. All right. But, when he claims that this, let's say, this epoxy glue or compound was sought by Saddam Hussain in the first Gulf War. I didn't remember that part. Yeah. Yeah. He, he claims that I see if it were, you know, some Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom or whatever. That Saddam Hussain was seeking this, this mixture to build, to build fortresses throughout it acts so that the Americans would not be able to conquer those places. All right. I mean, so, I mean, and then Greg Bladen suggests that some, let's say, findings in the,

22:53in the, in the pyramids, such as for instance, the present of her, anales, a hair. Yeah. Pelumano. Yeah, yeah. Calumano and, and, and nail, unias, in the rocks. Okay. And, and inside, in the middle of the stone, yeah. It's, let's say, a strange horror. Yeah. That could not be explained by, let's say, by the, the standard point of view of rock and then transported in, transporting them to the, to the location. Exactly. I mean, sight to the site. Yeah. I mean, I agree with him. I mean, if it is true that they found human nails and human hair in the middle of one of the rocks. Exactly. Exactly. I mean, if it is true, which of course I don't have evidence of, that would indeed be, let's say, just imagine that if you take, I don't know, some X-ray or whatever picture

23:59of, of, of one of the strokes and you find, let's say, a human skull, that would be impressive. And that would be like clear evidence that, hey, that cannot be a rock. Yeah. Or at least not a, not a rock came from a quarry. It's not from a quarry. Exactly. It's not from a quarry. Yeah. All right. But, you know, what's the difference between a skull and a human nail? There's no difference. A human nail, human nail cannot penetrate into the middle of a rock. Exactly. Yeah. That's, that's, that's, that's, okay, I, I can see that, that point. Conceed. Yeah. You can see that point in that, a human skull and, and, and an nail are not, are not, no different in this, in this regard. But, of course, we should be able to say, take a sample of, of, of, of one of those rocks and then see what, what, what is inside.

25:00Yeah. They don't think, I mean, even though Greg Blade and claims that this has been the case, I don't have the evidence to, to, to, to, to go any further in this, in this topic. You know, I don't follow Greg Brade and too much. I like the, I like the physical parts of what he says, the, you know, the conspiracy theories and these phenomena. But I don't go too much into, into the more spiritual things that he is, uh, propounding. You understand? Uh, but, um, I haven't taken the time to read, to, or to find other experts, no, no, we'll start off by our expert, other people who have, uh, disagreed with him and have, who have counter arguments. You understand? I don't know. You have you? No. So what's what we need to do? We need to find, uh, other people who disagree.

26:01I remember from our last chat about the Baltic Sea. Yeah. There are a lot of historians that have attacked that, uh, that, um, theory. Yeah. You know, anything. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm with, uh, Carlos Ouyos, Astrophysico Astronomy. And, uh, we're good friends and we like to talk about, strange subjects sometimes. In this case, uh, was the Sphinx and were the pyramids from a previous civilization, perhaps, were the pyramids built simply by pouring epoxy into, uh, into an incofrado or something, you understand? Yeah. An un molde. An un molde. Maybe. We'll see. We'll talk more, perhaps, about this and other things in the next half hour. Hey, hola. Do you want to understand your favorite series without subtitles or ask for your coffee

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31:24A different type of class, a class for people like you, for people who agree to be in a complex, together with Richard Vaughan in the delightful crime of learning English. Stop knocking and open the door to learning English. Hello, welcome back to our second half hour of today's interesting Wednesday edition of Richard Vaughan Live, the second Wednesday of the month of May. This is the worst period of the year for me because my allergies come out the springtime hay fever, and I suffer it in Spain acutely, although for the past five or six years now. A little bit, but it's a radical change. I mean, suddenly something happened maybe in my body chemistry or something, boom. Instead of sneezing 300 times a day, I sneeze only 10 times a day now.

32:25Between May 10th and June 15th, I know it perfectly. It is almost at a timetable. Well, of course, with climate change and things, I think the classical dates are starting to move a bit on these things. But the worst area is Extraminuda and Andalusia. Madrid and because Madrid is so close to both, really. I suffer in Madrid, but if I go to Medina or if I go to Corlomb or something, it's terrible. The worst hay fever I've ever suffered in my life, so I must ton to. Was my wife one trip to Portugal? Because many years ago, many years ago, every month in the Taiwan and the Corte English,

33:25Indonesia and Indonesia and the Corte English, they had Portugal and the Corte English. And so in the basement, usually the ground floor, the basement floor. So my wife went there and bought something, Portuguese. And she filled out a form for a trip to Lisbon. You know, Biajide, Vindesimana Lisbo, a pagal for Corte English. And she won. But we later saw that about 50 other couples won as well because it's very cheap. It's more expensive to send 50 people to Indonesia or to Burma than Portugal is next door. So we went and we went on a Lucitani Express, you know, the train. And I was stupid enough. You know, it was the old types of trains when the train compartments. And so I put down the window and I looked out. And the wind was blowing in my face for about 30 minutes as I was looking. And it was right in the middle of the hay fever season in all of that pollen.

34:25Just penetrated into me. And when it about, you know, after that very soon I suffered the worst hay fever I've suffered in my life. But in case I survived. Did you, did you reach to the Anchia de My Stage? To the What State? Anchia de My Look, Look, Look, Anchia de My Looking. Look it up. Yeah. I don't know what that is. Well, you're a doctor too. You're not only a doctor in physics. Anchia, Anchia de My. Okay, okay, okay, what is that? I don't think so. I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I experienced a couple of this when I was younger. Really? It is like, yeah. How do you say it in English? I don't know.

35:25Let's see. In English it's called Anchia, Anchia de My. It's the same. It's the same. It's the swelling of the lower layer of the skin. No, it's never happened to me as far as I know. No. Now my eyes get itchy, of course. Really? Whoa. Just, and perhaps swell a little bit. You say, yeah. And then sneezing, it's just, and if I really get strong hay fever, it transforms into a cold. Ah, okay. I know. And then it's different. Then the oxygen rich for you. Okay. By any case, but for the past six or seven years I haven't suffered it very much. It's a very, very big surprise, big surprise. I don't know. I, I think that, you know, perhaps the mixture of the allergens is not constant from the yours to the ear. I'm sure it's not. I'm sure it's not. But it was for me. Well, like, like, like, say, if you had allergic to some specific, you know, seed or whatever, pollen. Yeah. And then for some reason, there is a stretch of tears in which those plants are thriving.

36:33All right. Then you are safe. Perhaps he is. But the first time I came to Spain, the first year in Spain, it was unbelievable. I said, I couldn't believe it because I had suffered hay fever in Texans in Oklahoma. Uh-huh. But nothing like I suffered here. Nothing. And so every year I've had to prepare for it, you know, with. I don't like taking anti-histamines because it made me sleepy, of course. But I will take them maybe at nine, nine o'clock at night, you know, and then, but then in the morning by 10 o'clock the following morning, I start sneezing again, you know, but I, I can't teach English well or do radio television things if I'm, if I'm incapacitated because of. I remember once in Dal Oklahoma when I was a teenager, I took an anti-histamine at about nine o'clock in the morning and I didn't work. I took another one, something like it, two. And at three o'clock or two o'clock I had a class and I was one of the best students in

37:34the class and I sat in the front row and I fell asleep in front of the teacher. Yeah. And she said after we said, she didn't, she said, Rick, say, come, Rick, you fell asleep in front of me. And the problem is anti-histamine. The teacher was, he was not the most exciting teacher in the world, okay? I see. I mean, not that she was boring, it's, she was not, you know, exciting, but I'd taken a double dose, of course, of anti-histamines and that, that'll put you under. But ladies and gentlemen, I don't want to talk about medication or hay fever and things because I'm with Carlos Ollos. This guy is an eminence, an astro, an astronomy, an in physics. And we're talking about conspiracy theories basically based on a fellow by the name of Greg Braden, who really I recommend. Greg, come on Gregorio, pero con double je, Greg, Braden, come suena, de medio, Braden.

38:38And he's a very interesting man. Although for me, he's, he goes into, to mention too many spiritual things. And I believe in the spiritual. I mean, I, I believe it's necessary for humans to seek out things that transcend the material, purely material. You know, and I do believe that faith moves mountains better than reason. You understand? I do. You know, reason can move mountains, but you need, you know, 20 years of earth moving machines to do it, you know, but you can move a mountain. In fact, I've thought about proposing to, Spain to cut the people's their open down to half the size. Uh-huh. In order to, to bring in more rain for Castilla, Castilla on you understand? Yeah. The, the mountains in Asturias and Gantarria just tossed radically, abruptly stop the incoming

39:42clouds. Uh-huh. And they don't pass. I mean, if you drive from Oviero to León, you go up Pajades. And I remember it happened me once. It was raining. It was foggy. It was cold. We reached the top of Pajades. And it was, wow, glor, glor, glor, you know, is perfect weather. Blue sky. It was sunny, you know, and warm. And it was a question of about three or four kilometers to change. You say, yeah, but it was, uh, you had to go through the mountain range. Yeah. And it goes to the mountain range. And so, uh, so I said, well, we need to cut the beautiful people's their open down, uh-huh. Bring them down 1,500 meters and then all of the cold fronts, they cut, all of the cyclones. Or what they call brascas, they say, yeah, they come from the, you see, the hurricanes start in just south of the Canary Islands.

40:42And they move across the Atlantic, central Atlantic to the Caribbean. Mm-hmm. And then they turn north along the, go flow, go, they end the Gulf of Mexico if they go through Eastern United States or they turn before, and go along the Atlantic coast to the United States. And then they turn back and come to Great Britain, Ireland, France, Galicia, you know, these Borrascas, or they say, and so it's just, that's how it goes. But they're stopped. When they come across toward the Bay of Biscay in Marquantabri, according to English, we say the Bay of, the Bay of La Baye de Biscay, we say the Bay of Biscay, and they come down and boom, abruptly they're stopped by those mountains. And so Spain is a dry country, south of the northern range. Yeah. You see. And with that, the Spain wouldn't be a Spain, or at least. Of course. Or literally. And we wouldn't have the beautiful Picos de Europa, right? Exactly. So that, so, we could do it.

41:44It would be an incredible engineering feat. But we could do it. But faith, faith moves mountains easier. Yeah. And history, what extent has history, the history of humanity, you know, okay? To what extent has history been a result of questions of faith or questions of belief and religion and the invisible? And to what extent is history a result of reason, logic, et cetera? No, it's, yeah. I mean, that's an interesting question. And the Roman engineers brought water, you know, from the mountains down to the city. Yeah. I mean, but they did it because of a certain spirit of Rome, you understand, which is less tangible. Yeah, they were also interested in building, let's say, uh, uh, assimilization, say an empire, yeah, or whatever. Some, some, some sort of political entity.

42:45Yes. But yes, you cannot, I mean, uh, the more fact that you are talking about a political entity means that there is some will, all right? You know, when you, when you say, I want to build this, this, this empire, this country, whatever you call it, but you don't think there's a will. It just happens. Well, no, I mean, as they say, my accident, no, as they say, if there is, if, if, if, if, there is a will, there is a way. Okay. So yes, uh, was say the equiduct in Selomia, for instance, mandatari for say, uh, human kind, the answer is no, you have to build that, uh, with some goal in, in, in mind, uh, otherwise, the, the, the, the, the aqueduct is not, is not built.

43:46Now, I would say the, what is the intimate goal of the, of the aqueduct? Well, to provide water for the people, but, uh, and say, the city, whatever. But, why do those people need to be provided with water? Well, because they are part of, of, of your nation, your empire, your civilization, whatever, and you want to be strong, and you want them to be strong, and you want to be well served in their, in, in the necessities, or whatever. But that, again, that is some sort of say political goal and political goals as, as, as, as, I think that they, they are starting the heart, not in the brain. Everything starts at the heart. Everything is emotional. Yeah. Okay. I mean, even reason, I would say even Voltaire, who was maybe the father of reason, you know, during the,

44:49illustrational during the enlightenment, the off-clare, even Voltaire, I'm sure that he was, he was emotionally directed towards proposing reason. You say, I'm, I'm, yeah, I'm sure he was very, very passionate about, yes, he's passionate. When you have convictions, when you believe in something, when there, there's, it's an emotional, or there's an emotional origin to that. And you want, and you want your, say, your point of views on your opinions to be known and, and accepted by others, yeah, that cannot be accomplished by, say, hey, look at this beautiful, I'll go to the North, I feel him, very good. No, no, you have to be, you have to convey something. You have to sell. Exactly. You have to sell, you have to, yeah, you have to convey something else rather than the, the, the, the sheer product you have to sell. Yes. Otherwise, it's not, it is not going to work. Right.

45:50I mean, for me, and in education, for language learning, I mean, if I want my people, if I want my students to learn English, I have, they have to fall in love with the language. So I have to find a way to get my students to fall in love with English. And the only way to get my students to fall in love with English is to fall in love with the teacher. And say, so as I always tell you, you know, see, see a profimola, a little bit of a gomola, you understand? If the teacher's cool, English is cool. Is the teacher's cool? Algebra is cool. Even astrophysics, maybe can be cool. You know, I mean, I'm sure that Isaac Newton was emotionally attached to developing his theories of gravitation. Of course he was. He was very, very passionate. Yeah. And if you didn't have those emotions, he would not probably have spent the time in energy to develop those theories of motion and theories of gravitation and things. You say, yeah, you can call it faith, but I, okay, maybe we can call it emotion moves mountains.

46:54You know, more than because faith is often connected to religion and that's a different debate. You know, on the one side, Linnon said, you know, religion is the opium of the people. You remember? Yeah. But on the other side, throughout history, history, life has been very precarious on this planet until very recently, very recently. You know, life was very precarious for 99.9% of the human population. And their only refuge for millennia was family tribe and religion. You say that what was their protection against the elements and against other humans invading their territory? I mean, it's very bad. Look, even Peter the Great, Peter the Great, he had constant wars against Charles XII of Sweden. And there was one war in which Charles was winning and the army was advancing through what is today Ukraine or Moldova in this area.

48:00In that area of Eastern Europe. And Charles, the 12 troops were maybe 20 kilometers or 10 kilometers away, moving forward. And Peter the Great's army entered a town of 10,000 people. A Russian town. What happened? He had them all killed. All 10,000 were killed. And so that when Charles's army reached that town, there was nothing for them. They killed it and burned the town. All the people as well. That happened often before our modern, you know, our modern times or our contemporary times. You say, and it's just been very, very precarious. And in, you know, when Alexander the Great was moving forward, when Julius Caesar, one million French, well, one million people died during this, maybe a New Zealand, Gertrassaglia. They go in the gall. I seem to recall reading a number of statistics and the

49:05the Egolek Wars were really a carnage. In which a substantial amount of the Goliath people died. And by substantial, I mean like 30%. Well, the same thing happened in the 30 years war. In the 17th century, 30% of all the German speaking population died during those 30 years. And these were religious wars basically, well, religious wars. These were wars of power dressed with religion most likely. But 30% of the German speaking population in central Europe died during the third. So life was extremely precarious. What did just normal peasant families have? Or shopkeepers in the middle of, you know, in Hanover? What did they have? Family and religion. And in the Afak religion, you have all kinds of words you have, looking for, you know, to something because it's the only.

50:08So the opposite, you know, one argument in favor of religion, it provides solace. See if it's or not also. Well, solace, it provides consolation. Yeah, but, well, that I think would be, say, the topic for a different conversation. Yes. Yeah. But right now we're talking about Greg Braden. Yeah. And we haven't reached any conclusions. I have a tendency to believe him more than you do. Yeah. Because I don't think, well, you know, there's another question about Greg Braden. He states that there was divine intervention or something happened 200,000 years ago in which the human chromosome suffered a mutation, but a strange mutation that no other animal on the planet has suffered.

51:09And this mutation pointed the humans toward a new evolution. It brought us a bit like, you know, 2001, a space Odyssey, in which case that monolith was sending signals, you know, to the, the apes. And they started using weapons. But in this case, it's a chromosome change mutation. Yeah. Do you do you think, do you? Well, I think that what Greg Braden says is that, you know, there, there was some kind of mutation that gave us say models. Because he, he argues that the only animal that has say models or some sort of an idea of what is good and what is bad or what is good and what is evil is, as humans. In the sense that, you know,

52:15and I think that the definition he gives is that, say, animals are only interested in what is good and what is bad for them, or in the case of insects, perhaps for the colony, in the case of ants, whatever. But we humans are unique in the sense that, whenever, I mean, that we are all interested in, in what is good, in a, say, cosmic way, like, ideologically, like what is good and what is bad for and by itself, regardless of what is interesting or good or positive for me as an individual. All right. And that, Greg Braden thinks that it requires some sort of, say, divine intervention or whatever. Okay. I don't know what, say, Richard Duckins would have to say about this, but that is what Greg Braden postulates.

53:18He's becoming a figure. He's becoming a popular figure, kind of a pop culture, you know, pop culture. And he brings together thousands of people and things. He published five books, I believe, all five of them were best sellers on the New York Times book list. So he's done some hard work to reach this status that he enjoys right now. Yeah. He's certainly an interesting person. I would recommend, ladies and gentlemen, that you look up Greg Braden, and he's a pro-Tel Braden. Greg Condobleché Alfinan. See, Greg, which is not Gregory. It's Greg with double G. Yes, because Gregory would be Greg with a single G. Correct. But I recommend that my listeners discover him because I think it's very good for their listening comprehension, for English. I mean, I always recommend YouTube. I never recommend movies or TV series, because it's not very efficient. But YouTube is very efficient for listening comprehension

54:21and for exposure to English. And I think Greg Braden, for many people, would be an outstanding way to improve their English passively, and the only cost is the time. Well, perhaps not. I mean, you can just leave the video on and you're doing your own stuff. Well, that's what I recommend. That's what I call indirect hearing, which is, in my opinion, it's equally effective to direct listening, sometimes more. You see, if you don't understand a language very well, for example, in my case, French. I understand French 50%. Well, if Macron is speaking 70%, because the politicians speak very educated way, when in the back streets of Paris, I don't understand maybe I understand 30%. If I watch and I try to understand, I begin to adopt an acute capture and register of words.

55:26I'm focused on that's not the way you understand. You understand by relaxing. Sometimes when I'm giving a talk in English, I'll switch to Spanish and say, this is the first time I've been talking about a very important topic, because it's important that we're talking about a lot of new school and nothingness. I've been listening to it. Effectively, I'm going to speak Spanish. But repeat it. Text one minute, what I can do. In your own language, you don't listen to the words. You're absorbing the meanings. In real time, you're absorbing the meanings. You don't pay attention to the words. You pay attention to the concept or the sense and the meaning. You have to develop that skill in the second language, which means it's counterproductive to try to understand. You just, if you only understand 50%, sit back, relax, and allow the language to bathe you and caress you. And within one month, you'll understand 52%. You understand.

56:32Ladies and gentlemen, I'm with Carlos Hoyas. My God, Paul, I don't say it until you're with us. You'll have to come back again as usual. You come back maybe every two months or something, because we never finish or even come close to finishing our subject. So, covering topics. Yeah. Why don't we Greg Braden, Astrophysicum, who's been in Nottingham, England in California in Brazil, one of us, is in Trata Mundo's, the astronomy of the Africa. It's a real pleasure, Carlos, to have you here, as usual. Thank you. And I'll bring you back soon. All right. All right. Take care. All right, ud you. He is expression those intensive forces of English dev骆

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