Eleanor Barraclough explores how reliquaries — holy Christian containers — were stolen during raids and repurposed as jewelry for Norse women, suggesting early raids were driven by young men seeking wealth and status to establish households. Barraclough also addresses the theory of female infanticide as a potential driver for these male-dominated expeditions, alongside a human skull fragment carved with runes as a protective amulet against "dwarves," believed to cause sickness. (4)