How Beliefs Shape Behavior, Motivation, and Resilience | Nir Eyal — EP 746

coming up next on Passion Struck. Another study that blew my mind was a study conducted at Yale

where they found that people who had positive views about aging versus negative views on aging

lived on average seven and a half years longer. Seven and a half years longer is a tremendous effect.

That is longer than the effect of diet. It's longer than the effect of exercise. It's greater than

the effect of quitting smoking on your lifespan. And for all the attention we talk about vitamins and

minerals and don't eat right and exercise and don't smoke. Who talks to you about your beliefs?

We almost never hear that. Welcome to Passion Struck. I'm your host John Miles.

This is the show where we explore the art of human flourishing and what it truly means to live

like it matters. Each week I sit down with change makers, creators, scientists, and everyday heroes

to decode the human experience and uncover the tools that help us lead with meaning.

Heal what hurts and pursue the fullest expression with who we're capable of becoming.

Whether you're designing your future, developing as a leader or seeking deeper alignment in your life,

this show is your invitation to grow with purpose and act with intention. Because the secret

to a life of deep purpose, connection, and impact is choosing to live like you matter.

Hey friends and welcome back to episode 746 of Passion Struck. Throughout this life beyond

the script series we've been exploring what happens when the assumptions we've lived by,

a bad identity, health, success, and connection, stop working. Earlier this week in my conversation

with Dr. Justin Garcia, we looked at intimacy, how humans are biologically wired to bond,

and why modern life is creating an unprecedented crisis of connection. Because beneath everything

else we pursue, most of us are searching for something deeply human, to feel understood,

to feel safe, to feel like we belong. But there's another layer even deeper than relationships,

the beliefs that shape how we interpret everything, including ourselves. Because before we change

our life externally, we interpret it internally. My guess today is near AL, behavioral expert

and New York Times bestselling author of hooked, indistractable, and now his new book Beyond

Belief. In this conversation we explore a powerful and sometimes uncomfortable idea.

Your beliefs don't just reflect reality, they shape it. New York explains how beliefs influence

motivation, pain, resilience, relationships, and even how long we persist when things get hard.

He shows that many of the limits we experience are not structural, they're perceptual.

Today we discuss why motivation is driven by belief, not just goals. How learned helplessness

becomes a default mindset. We go into the surprising science behind placebo effects and expectation.

New York explains why perception often determines suffering more than circumstances,

and how changing a belief can unlock behavior that once felt impossible. At its core this conversation

is about reclaiming authorship over your inner world, because the script you live by is often

written by assumptions that you never choose. Before we dive in, a quick ask. If this episode resonates

with you, share it with someone who might benefit from it. You can also watch the full conversation

on YouTube, and if you haven't yet, leaving a rating review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify helps more

people discover these conversations. Let's dive into my conversation with Nier Al. Thank you for

choosing PassionStrike and choosing me to be your host and guide on your journey to creating

an intentional life that matters. Now let that journey begin.

I am so excited today to welcome back my friend Nier Al. Nier, how's it going?

And congratulations on this fantastic new book that I'm holding right here beyond belief.

Thank you. Wow, a masterpiece, man. Thank you. I really appreciate that. That's so

you to say. It's great to be back with you. When you reached out to me, you told me you thought

it was the best book you've ever written, which coming off of your last two, which have sold

millions of copies, is a pretty bold statement. What is different about this one than the previous two?

I think in this book, I solved my issues. This is a much more personal book and a much more

revealing book in terms of the journey that I went on to. This sounds like an exaggeration,

but it's really not. I reduced my suffering so much in this book. I reframed how I see the world

in so many ways. The research, the book just to catch everyone up, the book is about how belief

shape our reality, or at least our perception of reality. And I always knew that power for the

mind is and all the amazing things that the mind can do. But one, I don't think I was able to

separate fact from fiction. I think there's a lot of misinformation about this and it takes on almost

this spiritual, not very scientific tone in terms of what is possible and what is not possible.

But I wasn't able to separate the two. So that was very educational for me. It really illuminated

what's possible, what's not possible. And what is actually possible, what is backed by quality

peer-reviewed research, is just unbelievable what the mind is actually capable of. And so what I

concluded was that we don't use this enough. We don't understand how to change our minds by

changing our beliefs and how that ultimately changes our lives. And there, I recently came out with

children's book titled You Matter Luma. And I wrote this for many reasons, but one of them,

in addition to teaching children that they matter, I wanted to use this as a message for parents,

because I often think mattering is passed down or not mattering. And to me, it's psychologically

important as feeling safe or loved. And one of the ways we do it is oftentimes we're busy

these days. And our mind is somewhere else, or it's on our device. And oftentimes one of the ways

we're not showing the kids that they matter is because we're tuned out. And I understand from doing

some research that part of the reason for writing this book is you say you reached the bottom.

And you cite this example that happened with your daughter where you experienced something similar

to this. So I understand you were playing a game or an activity with her when an event happened.

I hope it was hoping we might be able to start there. Sure. So this has to do with my previous book,

with Indistractable, where I was sitting with my daughter afternoon. We had this beautiful afternoon,

just some daddy daughter time together. And we had this book of activities that dads and daughters

could do together. And it had to have a paper airplane throwing contest or do a Sudoku puzzle

together, all kinds of cute little games that we could play together. But one of the activities

was to ask each other this question, that if you could have any superpower, what superpower would

you want? And I remember that question verbatim, but I can't tell you what my daughter said,

because in that moment, I thought it was a good idea to just let me just check my phone real quick.

And by the time I looked up for my device, she was gone, because I was sending a very clear message

that whatever was on my phone was more important than she was and she went to go play with some toy

outside. And so that's when I decided that if you asked me what superpower I would want today,

it would be the power to be indistractable, the power to do what I say I'm going to do. Because

look, there's no aspect of your life, whether it's your physical health, your mental health,

your career success, your relationship success, with people you love, all of these things require

your ability to focus your attention. And so that was the inspiration for Indistractable.

Near you open the book by talking about researcher Kurt Richter, and people are probably not

familiar with his name, but they're probably familiar with one of the famous tests he did that

involved rats. Why did you choose to start here? Okay, so let me just share the study. So people

hopefully will be as blown away as I was when I first read it. But the 1950s Kurt Richter decides to

do a very simple experiment. He wants to figure out how long can a wild rat swim in a container of

water, right? Pretty simple. So he takes a wild rat, puts it in a cylinder of water,

filled halfway out. There's no way out of that cylinder. And he just stands there with a stopwatch

in times until the rat gives up. Now you can't do this kind of experiment today. It's pretty unethical,

but the rats are already dead so we can learn from it. And so what Richter concludes is that it

takes a wild rat about 15 minutes to give up and die and sink under the water. Now what's interesting

is that the rat wasn't necessarily exhausted. It just gave up for some reason. Then he had a second

experiment. He wanted to figure out what he could do to extend the rat's persistence. Could he

somehow condition the rat to swim longer? Here's what he did. He took a new group of rats.

He put them in a cylinder. There was a lot of rats back then. He put them in another cylinder of

water. And this time at the 15 minute mark, when he knew the rats would start giving up,

he reached in, took out the rat, dried it off, let it catch its breath, and then plunk back inside

the water. It went again. Now he wanted to determine how much longer the rat could swim for

after he did this intervention a few times. And so you know the answer, but most people,

when I tell them this study, they know there's some kind of surprising result. And so I ask them

how much longer did the rat swim for? People guess double triple. Maybe if they're feeling super

optimistic four times longer, the rat went from 15 minutes to 60 minutes to a whole hour of swimming,

which is, if you think about it, absolutely crazy. That's remarkable. If you could have some kind

of intervention that made you four times more persistent, being able to study for that big exam

four times longer, working on those sales calls four times longer, having four times the patience

with the relationships that's frustrating a person that's annoying you, having four times

of persistence to run the marathon for four times longer. That would be incredible. That would be

an unprecedented intervention, but that's not what happened. Now what happened is that the rats

did not swim for 30 minutes or 45 minutes or even 60 minutes. They swam for 60 hours.

Not 60 minutes, 60 hours of non-stop swimming. Now why? What had changed? Their rat bodies hadn't

changed. They didn't suddenly become super rats. Their bodies were exactly the same. The environment

hadn't changed. It was the same exact experiment, same exact cylinders. We can't ask the rats,

obviously, but something we think changed in their minds. It was the only variable left. That's

something about their belief system changed when they believed that salvation might be possible.

That maybe that hand might reach in again and save them if they kept swimming. And so what's so

remarkable about this study and why I start the book with it is because it demonstrates to us

that there is a hidden power inside all of us to sustain motivation. Now why is motivation so

important? It turns out that the number one determinant of whether you succeed at a goal or fail

at your goal is not your intelligence, although that helps. It's not your resources, although that

helps. It's not your skill set. Skills can be learned. The biggest predictor of whether you will

meet one of your goals is whether or not you quit. Simple as that. Those who persist are much more

likely to reach their goals. Those who quit 100% will not reach their goals. So what if we had some

kind of magic potion, some kind of intervention, some kind of way to flip a switch in our mind,

just like these rats in this study, that unlocked this incredible persistence of 240 times more

persistent that these rats went from 15 minutes to 60 hours. And so the question becomes in all of us

where are we quitting at 15 minutes when really we have 60 hours of persistence within us. And

so that's what I reveal in the six years of research I did on this book. That's really the thing

that changed my life. A lot of people are familiar with Daniel Pink's book Drive, which is really an

examination of self-determination theory. And I've been fortunate to have Richard Ryan on the show

and really dive into self-determination theory because it's really one of the leading sciences

around intrinsic motivation, which is what you're just talking about. When I think of it,

he talks about autonomy, mastery, and relatedness. It seems like initially what you're talking most

about is the first two in the book that you talk about relatedness. But when you think of

self-determination theory, how do our beliefs fit into that model?

So I think self-determination theory is downstream of what I'm talking about.

Self-determination theory is the why. Why do we sustain our motivation? It's because we're seeking

mastery. We're seeking autonomy. We're seeking relatedness. My question is a little different.

My question is why is it that no matter what we want, let's call those three things the benefits.

I'm looking for mastery experience. I'm looking for autonomy. I'm looking for relatedness in

some form or another. And that's what Desi and Ryan say are these long-term motivators that are

much more motivating than intrinsic motivation. These are intrinsic motivators. They also know

that there's extrinsic motivators like doing things for some kind of ends rather than the means.

So there's lots and lots of different things we want. I will group all those in terms of benefits.

I want a close relationship with my spouse. I want to feel like I'm important at work. I want to

accomplish a big project with all these things. We call those benefits. Now, you would think

that to get those benefits, we have to do a behavior. Some kind of behavior needs to happen.

And my perception, I think most people's perception of motivation is that as long as I know

what I want, and as long as I know how to get what I want, well, I'll just do it. That is

demonstrably false in all of our lives. Don't we all know what to do and why we should do it?

Oh, yeah, I definitely should go to the gym more. I definitely should eat right.

Okay, but do we do it? I definitely should get to work on that book I've been wanting to write or

start that business. Well, do we do it? I definitely want to repair that broken relationship. Okay,

but does it happen? No. There are these things in our life that year after year are still on our

to-do lists. They're still on our resolution. There's still those relationships that need repairing

and those projects that we haven't finished. And so my fundamental question is why is it that

despite knowing what to do and wanting the outcome, why don't we do it? And the reason is that

motivation is not a straight line. It's not that simple. If all that was missing was knowing what

to do and having a reason to do it, we'd all have six pack abs and be multi-millionaires because

the answers are out there, right? Google it, ask TPP. We're drowning in information. There's no

shortage of information. What we're missing is something more fundamental. That if you think about

it, having a benefit and the belief is only two sides of the triangle. So motivation is not a

straight line. The behavior we need to do, the benefit of why we're doing it, but then what

underlies and holds us all together is a belief. Think about it. If I have a boss who I am dependent

on for some kind of benefit, are they going to give me a promotion or raise, but I don't believe

in them. I don't believe that they have my best interests at heart. Well, am I going to stay

motivated to do my best work? No, I'll slack off and do the minimum I can because I've lost motivation

because I don't believe I'm going to get the benefit. Conversely, if I don't believe in my own

ability to sustain that behavior, we call these limiting beliefs, well, then I'm not going to

persist either. So for sustained motivation, what we talked about is the most important thing to

meet our long-term goals. You have to have not only knowledge of what to do, the behavior,

not only knowledge of the reward, the benefit that you're doing it for, but most importantly,

you have to have the belief to tie it all together. And so that's I think what's been missing in the

dialogue. It's interesting. About 18 months ago, I had Angela Duckworth on the program and we were

obviously talking about grit because her new book hadn't come out yet. And I was talking about

this whole thing that you're just explaining here. And I was where I was trying to get her into

a conversation about self-control because what I call intentionality, because I think you can have

all the passion, perseverance in the world. You can have these behaviors. You can want to take the

action, but if you're not aligning it, I look at it more as your value system instead of beliefs,

but that's where I'm going with this. I'm like, that grit will get aimed at something that's

the opposite of what you want to achieve. So how do we close that gap? Because a lot of times

our beliefs don't get solidified for us. I guess it's where I'm going. I think there's a few ways

to sustain motivation, that fundamentally what is motivation? There's a bunch of different theories

out there, but Desi actually tells us that motivation is defined as the energy for action,

how much we want to do something. But fundamentally in the brain, what is motivation? What does motivation

look like? We think about motivation is just about pursuing the benefit, but really at a base

level, and we can actually see this happening in the brain, motivation is about the desire to escape

discomfort. That's really what motivation is, the desire to escape discomfort, even wanting to

feel good. People say, well, isn't there carrots and sticks? Don't I also want to feel good? No.

In fact, the carrot is the stick. The carrot is the stick. In that, even when I want to feel good,

I want that delicious meal, I want to make more money, I want to have more love in my life,

I want all these things. How does the brain get me to get those things to get off my button,

go pursue them? It has to create a spark of pain, of suffering, in order for me to go get that.

So, wanting, craving, lusting, desire, all of these things are psychologically destabilizing,

and that's what motivates me, what drives me to go get things. Now, we can persist through things,

a few different ways. One of them is to grid our teeth, to suffer through it, and we'll get out

the other end. That can work for short term projects. It's more difficult to sustain them long

term, and so here's the secret. The secret is that people who are high performers in pretty much

every conceivable industry, whether it's the arts, whether it's sports, whether it's business,

these people have a very peculiar trait, and it's not in all areas of their life. It's a thing

that they're very good at. Somehow to them, the thing that for the rest of us looks hard is easy for

them. They don't grit their way through things. They have somehow changed the relationship

between pain and suffering. This is the killer insight, that the people who are doing things,

for example, I've tried many things that I'll just quit after a while, because they're just too

hard. I don't enjoy them anymore. This sucks. It's not fun. I'm no good at this. This is too hard.

And yet you'll meet somebody who's really excellent at it, and it's no big deal. The same exact

behavior for one person is a drag, and they quit. And for the other person, it gives them energy

and life force, and they're having a great time. Why? Same stimulus. They're doing the same thing.

It's that they perceive it differently. They believe in it differently. I think that's an unexplored

path that I think is a hack, is a unlock for doing exactly what those rats did, changing that belief

around what we're going through. Before we continue, I want to pause for a moment. One of the central

ideas in life beyond the script is that real change doesn't begin with external action. It begins

with awareness. Awareness of the assumptions that you've been living by. The stories you tell yourself

in the belief shaping what you think is possible. On the IgnitedLife.net, on publishing companion

reflections and articles for each episode in the series. Designed to help you examine your life

more deeply, because insight creates clarity, but intentional action creates transformation.

If you want to explore the reflections for this episode, visit theignitedlife.net.

I also want to say thank you to our sponsors for supporting the show. Their support makes

these conversations possible. Now, a quick break.

You're listening to PassionStruct, right here on the PassionStruct network. Now, let's return to

the discussion with near ale. How do you think, near that beliefs become invisible assumptions

rather than conscious choices? And where I'm going here is I've recently been rereading

Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Cannon. And when I think of beliefs, sometimes I think if it is,

is our system one in action. And our choices then become our system two, once we act on those

beliefs. But oftentimes those beliefs become assumptions about what we think we should do.

And then we get in this loop, you know, people call it autopilot, about them. What do you think

about that? I think that's a very apt observation that these beliefs always come from somewhere.

They come from priors, what we call them, prior experiences. And why do we have these prior

experiences? And why do we hold on to these beliefs even when they don't serve us? Because at some

point they did, right? There was a line of research, which I'm sure every one of your listeners

is going to be familiar with, called learned helplessness, Seligman and Meyer. They had these

experiments where they showed that that people and they did animal studies as well would learn

to give up. They would learn helplessness. And this seemed to explain persistent poverty and

inequality and all kinds of social theories came out of this idea of learned helplessness.

Well, a few years ago didn't get much press unfortunately, but a few years ago Seligman and Meyer

concluded that not only were their studies conclusion incorrect, that the conclusion was 180

degrees the opposite of what they thought. That we don't learn helplessness.

Helplessness is our default state. That's what they concluded. And if you think about it,

it makes evolutionary sense, right? A baby, when a baby is born, it is helpless. It has to be

catered to by other people. It can't do anything. It has zero agency other than its bodily functions.

It needs help. And so what we do as human beings is that we always will retreat to what we know,

to what has been safe in the past. Whether or not it helps us grow in the future, because frankly,

evolution is not concerned with your greatness. Evolution does not care if you meet your full potential.

What evolution cares about is that you stay alive so that you can procreate. That's it. And so we are

constantly being pulled into helplessness. We are constantly being pulled into victimization.

We are constantly psychologically dragged into doing things, looking at things, feeling things,

exactly the same way we have seen, felt and done them before in the past, all because of what's

called these limiting beliefs. These beliefs that reduce our motivation and increase our suffering.

I just want to ask you about a belief as an example. If someone has the limiting belief

that they don't matter, what does that do to them in their daily life?

I think it's a perfect demonstration of a limiting belief, because if you think about it,

give me an example. Can you give me like a case study or a person, or let's back it up with maybe

a real scenario, might make it more? Yeah, so I'll give you a great example. So a lot of people now

know Oksana Masters, because she's very much in the news, because she's just one, three gold

medals at the Paralympic Games. What people don't really understand is her backstory. She grew up in

post-Ternobyl, Ukraine, and had birth defects from the very beginning, so much so that she was never

given to her mom. She was put right into an orphanage that treated her like she didn't matter.

And she grew up like that for the first four, five, six years of her life, believing that she didn't

matter in the system that she was in, and it was only after she was adopted by her American mom

that she started to feel differently. That said, and when I've talked to her, she still has periods

of time where that now fuels some of her desire to feel like she matters by accomplishing things

such as winning medals. That's an example. So I could see how she not had that transformational

experience. And even probably today, as you say, she slides back into those old limiting beliefs,

that those limiting beliefs wouldn't do, they cause you to, by definition, lose that motivation,

that she must have gotten some kind of signals in the past from some kind of operant conditioning

that taught her that sticking your neck out or being a tall poppy or drawing too much attention

to yourself had negative consequences in some way. That's her default position. And if she didn't

learn it, that's something that we all, I think, inherit. And so it was only when she pushed beyond

her comfort zones that she learned agency, not learned hopelessness, but in fact, learned agency.

That's a perfect example of limiting belief. Anything that decreases your motivation to try

and persist and increases your suffering along the way. And that's in fact how it does this.

These limiting beliefs are so pernicious because in the short term, they feel good. In a short

term, they protect us from suffering. Remember, all motivations about the desire to escape discomfort.

Well, when I used to have terrible anxiety around public speaking, not the best thing to feel when

you are a professional public speaker or at least that's your dream. And what would I do when I was

about to get on stage, I would get to sweaty armpits and I would feel the cotton mouth and I'd get

my heart palpitations would get going. And I'd start telling myself a story based on my beliefs that

I'm not going to do very well on stage. And if I, what if I forget what I was going to say and people

are going to laugh at me and I bet other public speakers don't feel this and what's wrong with me.

And I would go down this rumination cycle that made me shrink. And I would cancel on, I wouldn't

take opportunities. And I would look for ways to get out of speaking engagements because that

limiting belief protected me, right? It protected me from embarrassment and protecting me from

potential danger. And so I constantly was being pulled back by that limiting belief. Well, today,

I've adopted a new liberating belief, that liberating belief, even though I feel the same physiological

symptoms I've always felt. I'll be totally honest with you, John. I have the sweating armpits in

the cotton mouth and the beating heart right now. I still feel nothing has changed in terms of the

physiological sensations. I still feel them right this minute. But the belief completely changed.

Now, when I feel the same exact signals, the sweating, the sweating armpits and the cotton

mouth and the beating heart, now I've changed the story. Now I tell myself that those physiological

symptoms, my beating heart, for example, is happening because my brain needs more oxygen. And so my

heart is beating faster to deliver more oxygen to my brain so I can deliver my best possible

presentation about something I really care about. Same signal, same information, same physiological

stressors, but the interpretation is completely different in a way that serves me rather than

hurts me. Now, here's the most important part of that story. Is it true? Is it actually factually

true? That's happening. I don't know. I don't care because beliefs are tools, not truths.

Beliefs are tools, not truths. If you want to summarize my six years of research, this would be it.

That we have this misconception that our beliefs have to be facts. That's not the case.

Facts are things that are objectively true whether you believe them or not.

Beliefs are convictions that are open to revision based on evidence. So what makes beliefs so

respectful is that they can change. If they don't serve us, we can adopt new ones. So as long as

we are able to recognize the fact that these beliefs are not facts, that they're there to serve us,

we can swap them out at will. And I think most of our personal problems, our interpersonal

relationship problems, even our geopolitical problems are caused by the unfortunate fact that people

confuse facts for beliefs. So since you just spread up relationships, I want to go to your chapter

three because I think your chapter, which is about the secret to better relationships, is probably

one that the listeners are keen to understand. And your subtitle for this chapter is you don't

have relationship problems, you have a perception problem. So how much of conflict in relationships,

do you think is misinterpretation rather than wrongdoing or something like that?

So let me illustrate with my example, which is always a little hard to tell, but it's important.

I think quite relatable to folks or here's what happens. So a few years ago, while I was writing

the book, my mom had her 74th birthday. And I decided I want to do something nice for her. So I

wanted to send her some flowers. The problem was I was in Singapore and she was in Central Florida,

where I grew up. Now I decided to look for the best floors I could find. I looked at all the

Google reviews. I stayed up till one in the morning to call the floors to make sure they would

be delivered on time. And I went to bed that evening and thought, near you did a good job,

what a good son your mom's going to call you tomorrow morning and tell you how much she loved the

flowers. That's not what happened, John. What happened was, is that when I called her the next morning,

I said, hey, mom, happy birthday. Did you get the flowers I sent to which she responded? Yes,

I did. Thank you. For the flowers that you sent, they were half dead. And so don't call that

floors to get to which I responded, something like, well, that's the last time I buy you flowers.

And that went over just about as well as you'd expect. Not so good. After the call, I turned to my

wife who was listening during this whole conversation. And she turned to me and she said, would you

like to do a turnaround to which I said, no, I don't want to do your touchy feeling,

focus, focus, mumbo jumbo. I want a vent because that's what we're supposed to do when we feel like

we've been grieved. We have to speak our truth. We have to tell people how we feel. We're not

supposed to hold our feelings inside, right? Well, actually, the literature shows that's exactly wrong.

That when we vent, we are doing nothing but solidifying this effigy. We're building this effigy

of a person because we don't see people as they are. We see people as we are.

That's the only way the brain can process information is based on its predictions,

it's called predictive processing. So we see people based on what we believe about them.

There she goes again. She's doing it again. There's such a pattern. This has always happened.

There's always that's why we don't see people clearly, especially the ones who are closest to us,

who we have this whole record of all their past behaviors and our interpretations, our judgments,

other behaviors. So I knew enough to not vent. And instead, I decided to do a turnaround.

Here's how a turnaround works. And this comes. This is called inquiry based stress reduction.

It's a technique that was first developed by Byron Katie, but actually it has roots all the way back

to Aristotle who did something rather similar. Here's how it works. You write down the belief that

you think is a fact. In my case, my mother was too judgmental and hard to please. Then you ask

yourself four simple questions. The first question is it true? Is it true? Obviously, John,

you heard what happened, right? She was very clearly being way too judgmental and hard to please.

What a stupid question. Let's skip that. The second question. Is it absolutely true?

Now, this one sounds like the first question, but it's a bit different. Is it absolutely true

that my mother was too judgmental and hard to please? Is there any other interpretation?

Is it absolute? A hundred percent certainty? There's no doubt whatsoever that there could be any other

explanation. Well, I had to admit, maybe, maybe, if I really squinted, maybe there's another

interpretation. Fine. Okay. Third question. Who am I when I hold this belief? How do I feel?

Who do I become? Well, I'm short-tempered. I'm not very nice. And I become this 13-year-old

version of myself, which I don't really like, or the fourth question. Who do I become when I

let go of the belief? How do I feel when I don't have that belief? If I could wave a magic wand and

tap myself on the head and poof, that belief disappears, how do I feel? Well, I would feel lighter.

I would feel more at ease. I would feel less short-tempered. I'd feel like myself.

So with just four questions in about 30 seconds, which by the way, you can substitute

any one in your life or even yourself or any situation, any limiting belief you can run through

these four steps, I discovered that one that thing that I thought was a fact was nothing more than a

belief. It wasn't a law of nature that my mom is too judgmental and hard to please. It was just a

belief. I also discovered that belief wasn't serving me. That was making me feel pretty crappy.

That was causing suffering in my life. And that I didn't actually, I would feel much better if I

didn't have that belief. But then how do we get rid of it? Right? Well, here's where we do the

turnaround. Now the process asks us to consider whether the exact opposite of what we think is a fact

could also be true. The exact opposite. Now disclaimer, when you do this, you will hate it.

You will hate it. Your brain will find every possible reason to try and prove to you

why what you think is a fact, even if it's just a belief. Because if there's one thing I've learned

is that the brain hates changing its mind. The brain hates changing its mind. Why? Again, because in the

past, it served you, it was safe to think that your mother was judgmental. It was safe to think

you're not good enough. It was safe to think you're bad at this. It was safe to think that you're

not ready and this hurts and this is terrible judgment, all to protect you. But we can't grow

if we don't change our minds. We just say stuck. So I gave it to this process and here's what I did.

I took that statement. My mother is too judgmental and hard to please. And I asked myself, could the

exact opposite also be true? Well, what's the opposite? My mother is not too judgmental and hard

to please. How could that possibly be true? Well, she was just saying a statement of fact, right?

The flowers looked half dead. Okay, is that a judgment on me? No. Maybe she was just trying to

make sure I didn't get scammed from the florist. So that's maybe trying to be helpful, not hurtful.

Okay, well now I have two beliefs. Now let's try for a third. Another opposite of my mother is too

judgmental and hard to please. The opposite would be, I am too judgmental and hard to please.

How could that be true? Well, when I called her the next morning, I had scripted in my mind exactly

the effusive praise that I deserved. And when that praise didn't come, I lost it. And I said

something that I later regret. So who exactly was being judgmental? I was. Okay, here's another turn

around. Here's the fourth one. I am too judgmental and hard to please towards myself. How could that be

true? Well, when I put a lot of time, effort and money into doing something and it didn't exactly

work out the way I planned, the flowers weren't so nice, that meant that I was incompetent somehow,

that I had done something wrong. And that didn't feel very good. This is what we call a misattribution

of emotion. I felt crummy. And so I was looking for someone to take that out on. And my mom got it.

That one actually was the most difficult to accept but turn out to be the most true. Now, now I have

four beliefs. First, I just had one. Now I have four different beliefs. This is called creating a

portfolio of perspective, just like collecting Pokemon cards or baseball cards or stocks. You want

to this portfolio of perspectives. You want to diversify the potential of views that you're working

with so that you can pick which ones are better for you. Now, John, which one is true out of those

four beliefs? Which one is true? Which one is false? All of them? None of them? Who cares?

Who cares? Because beliefs are tools not true. We're not looking for the level of factual truth here.

There is no factual truth. It's not a law of nature that my mom is judgmental. It's all in my head.

But one of those beliefs, the first one, that my mother is too judgmental and hard to please.

There was only one way out of my suffering. She had to change so I could be happy.

That's not going to happen. Okay. If you hold your breath waiting for people to change,

you're going to suffocate. Don't wait. It's not going to happen. Whereas the other three beliefs

helped me reduce my suffering. When I took on the belief that I was actually being hard to please

towards myself, it increased my motivation to work on my relationship with my mother.

And it immediately decreased my suffering because now is something I could do something about as

opposed to sitting there and waiting for her to admit that she was wrong and she shouldn't have

said that. Is it true? Is it right? Is it wrong? Who knows who cares? But here's a great example

of how we can use these beliefs. It's not easy. Let me tell you, it doesn't mean you have to

be with the people you don't like. No, I'm not I'm not spending more time with my mom,

but the time I spend with her, I'm not as antsy. I'm not as annoyed with her. I'm more at peace.

And that has gone so far in helping our relationship bloom. And here as I was reading that chapter,

what occurred to me before I got to the section where you lean into this is when I've done cognitive

processing therapy in the past for PTSD, they use a concept you refer to in the book as cognitive

flexibility. And it's really the same thing. It's you have these suck points, which are beliefs

that end up having huge impact in your life much more than you consciously realize.

Similar to what you were saying about your public speaking and these things left

to their own accumulation grow and grow over time and then cascade into other parts of your life.

So I think this example that you have here in this whole section of the book was really good,

because you as you discussed it, that's the same way that you go through it in the book,

which I think is a really good way for people to see the initial beliefs and how you turn those

beliefs around. And I really did love that thing that you just talked about, which was the

perspective shifts and developing a portfolio of those, which is a really unique way to think about

it. Yeah, thank you. And it's the applications are just amazing. We can do this in so many

different areas of our life. All the way we talk about emotional pain, psychological pain,

it also applies to physical pain that a very similar process is called the pain reprocessing therapy,

which is shown to be incredibly effective, even more effective than traditional medical treatments

to treat chronic pain. So treating fibromyalgia, treating IBS, treating any kind of chronic pain,

which is pain that doesn't have a physical cause that we can identify, but still persist for

longer than six months. But there are documented cases, thousands of documented cases where people

can use a similar process. It's sometimes very difficult to accept, because people interpret

what I'm saying as saying that it's not real. Well, no, all pain is real. All pain is real, whether

it's psychological or physiological pain, pain is real. But pain is only a signal. It's just data,

just information. The suffering comes from the interpretation of that data, because the brain

just can't process all this information. Do we talk about the keyhole of attention? Not yet,

right? No, we have not. I think this is a super important concept in terms of what we're capable

of processing. Why are beliefs so important in shaping what we see, feel and do? Because the brain

just cannot process all the information that it's absorbing. So right now, your brain is absorbing

11 million bits of information, 11 million bits of information. That's the equivalent of reading

war and peace every second twice. It's a tremendous amount of information. The light entering your

retinas, the scent of my voice in your ears, the ambient temperature of the room, your brain is

processing all that information. However, your conscious attention can only process about 50 bits

of information. So put that in comparison, 50 bits of information is like one sentence per second.

That's all your entire conscious awareness. One sentence awareness, whereas reality is 11

million bits of information per second. So that's you're actually consciously wearing. What you

think is reality is 0.0045% of what is actual reality. So you don't see reality as it is. You

don't feel reality as it is. And you don't understand what you can and can't do in reality, because

you're seeing reality through this tiny pinhole of attention. And so not only do we not understand

our own what we think is reality. We don't see our reality clearly. There's almost no way we

see anybody else's reality either. That's even more of a difficult task. So for the listener,

I just wanted to point out that Near's book is really divided into three parts. And the part

that we've been discussing in death right now is the power to see what you believe. The next

section I wanted to dive into is what you call anticipation or the power to feel what you believe.

And I love that word feel and how you start out the next chapter about we're already living in a

simulation. So if we're all living in subjective simulations, what determines whether life feels

meaningful or bleak? I think it's exactly what we've been talking about. It's about these beliefs.

It's about how we interpret these signals. For example, I'll give you a good example when it comes to

how we interpret everyday items. For example, there was a study done about the line where they

asked people to try two different kinds of wine. And the first kind of wine was a very cheap

five dollar bottle wine. And as people were trying this wine, they were scanning their brains to

identify where the blood was flowing in their brains. What areas of the brain were becoming more

active? So first they gave them this sip of a very cheap five dollar bottle wine. So what do you

think of the line? Oh, it's a little flat on the finish. I don't really care for it so much.

Not that great. Okay. And they washed out their mouth. Okay, now we're going to give you the next

wine. This wine is a very expensive bottle wine. It's a Chateau day something. What do you think of

this one? Oh, people would say this is a very good wine. It's, I can taste the notes of black

berry and hints of oak, all the stuff that wine snobs say that I don't understand. And as they

did this, they were monitoring again blood flow throughout the brain. Now here's the amazing thing.

The wine, there's a trick. The wine was the same bottle. And yet people not only would articulate

that the more expensive wine was better, they actually felt it was better. It changed their

subjective assessment of the wine. They weren't lying. It actually tasted better for them because

we could see that blood flow was increasing in the reward centers of the brain. So they weren't

lying. They weren't just telling the researchers what they thought they wanted to hear. They felt

the wine was better. They actually tasted the wine differently because of what they anticipated

would happen. So this is the second power of belief, the power of belief to change what we feel

based on what we anticipate. So this explains the placebo effect. It also explains the no-cebo effect

about how we can have subjective symptoms, pain, insomnia, anxiety, depression,

IBS, so many of these maladies turns out are highly affected by placebo. Here's a crazy

new revelation that placebo effects, we've known placebo effects are very effective at subjective

perception. What placebo effects can't do, placebo effects can't fix a broken bone, placebo effects

can't cure cancer, they're terrible at that. But placebo's are very good at subjective feelings.

So what we like to say is the difference between sicknesses in the body, illness is in the mind,

because all suffering is in the mind. My interpretation of those signals that we talked about

earlier, that 11 million bits of information, how I interpret those 50 bits of information,

that's all up here. Pain is not here or here, all pain and perception is up here.

And so what we found is that the placebo effect, believe it or not, two amazing things. One,

is effective even if you know it's a placebo. This is new, this is the work of Ted Capchak at Harvard,

and just a few years ago, he ran a study with people who were suffering from irritable bowel syndrome,

and he gave them a bottle of pills, and he said, this is a placebo. It is a completely inert

substance. However, and here's the important part, it has been shown to alleviate symptoms of

IBS in some people. Now just that anticipation, just that hint that this might be helpful, it turns out,

produced an effect that was as effective as the leading IBS medication. And after the study,

people called Dr. Capchak and told him, hey, Dr. Capchak, I would love some of those placebo pills,

can I get some more of them? They were so effective. And in fact, since that study, if you go on

Amazon right now and you search for placebo pills, you will find them for sale, placebo pills,

that people know are placebos, and you'll see in the five star reviews, if you said praise about

providing fast acting relief. Now these people aren't lying. It's just that placebo effect is

incredibly effective. The second interesting finding is that the placebo effect is getting stronger.

Why would the placebo effect get stronger? By the way, this is a big problem. Every pharmaceutical

company needs to test its treatment against a placebo-controlled group in a double-blind placebo

study. The patient doesn't know if they're taking a placebo, the administrator doesn't know if they're

giving up placebo. And this is a big problem because if you have a new drug, you have to demonstrate

that it's more efficacious than a placebo. And so if a placebo effect keeps getting stronger and

stronger as it has over the past 50 years, this presents a serious challenge to pharmaceutical

companies. Well, why is the placebo effect getting stronger? The placebo effect is getting stronger

because more people are hearing that the placebo effect works. And so they anticipate it to work,

and so it does. A little bit later this afternoon, my wife and I are heading to reggae rise-up,

one of my favorite festivals of the year. And the reason I'm bringing this up is a number of years

ago, I was at reggae rise-up when I needed to get a water. And the only product that they had,

which I didn't even realize was water at the time, was this crazy-looking bottle that said,

liquid death. And I love that in this chapter, you bring up the whole liquid death phenomenon,

because like when I taste it, it doesn't taste any different from any other water. Taste exactly

the same. And I think that's what the blind test have said. But interestingly enough,

it's a great example of people's beliefs in how a product like this came out of nowhere.

And as you rightly point out at the book, sold out, it's 150,000 initial cases, and what,

like eight weeks. Yeah, it's an incredible success. And who knows, a company's not built on one

product. But the fact that a company like liquid death could so unupend the orthodoxy of the water

bottling industry that when it first came out, everybody thought it was a joke. You're not

going to put death on the shelves. What parent's going to buy death in a can for their children?

Well, it turns out that they use what's called the experience loop. And this is what I've defined

as how our perceptions can change our expectations and belief can change how we actually perceive a

product. That when we have a certain belief about something, we anticipate how we will feel,

then we actually feel it. And then we confirm what we felt. And that solidifies that belief in

the future. And it becomes a loop. And so we see this not only in a product like liquid death,

which doesn't even try and hide the fact that it's canning plain old tap water. It's not trying to

be anything but can tap water. But we see this when golfers are given a putter that they are told

was used by a very famous golfer. They actually put better. We know that there are all types of

these placebo effects time and time again that that are proven to be quite effective when it

comes to these perceptions that again, the placebo's don't cure cancer. They don't heal a broken

arm, but they absolutely will change the pain and perception of suffering associated with those

maladies. I wanted to talk about longevity. Being an alternative health podcast, I of course

had a ton of people because it's a billion dollar market now longevity. But do you think on the

other side of that are cultural narratives or actually shortening lives? That's a fantastic point.

In fact, the another study that blew my mind was a study conducted at Yale where they found that

people who had positive views about aging versus negative views on aging lived on average seven

and a half years longer. Seven and a half years longer is a tremendous effect. That is longer than

the effect of diet. It's longer than the effect of exercise. It's greater than the effect of quitting

smoking on your lifespan. And for all the attention we talk about vitamins and minerals and don't

eat right and exercise and don't smoke. Who talks to you about your beliefs? We almost never hear

that. Well, let's dig a little deeper. What's going on here? Is it that our beliefs become our

biology? Is it changing the mitochondria because of the vibrations we're sending out through our

beliefs? No, nothing like that. At least that's not what the science has shown. What we're finding

is that beliefs affect your biology because of an intermediary step. So take the person who has

a positive view about aging. What does a positive view about aging sound like? A positive view about

aging might sound like growth is possible at any age. A negative view of aging might be aging

involves inevitable decline. I'll say it again, aging involves inevitable decline or growth is

possible at any age. Now, which one of those statements is true? Which is a fact? Both.

They both are. What comes to mind first? When you forget your key somewhere, is it,

ah, I'm having a senior moment? Right? If that's what comes to mind, you are reinforcing a belief,

an expectation, which lowers your agency and changes your behavior. So when you have a belief like

growth is possible at any age, what are you more likely to do than someone who says,

ah, I'm getting old. My back hurts. This hurts. That has all these complaints. You're focusing

attention and anticipating what you're going to get more of. And so the secret is not that having

a positive view about aging miraculously changes your mitochondria or vibrations or any of that.

It's that having positive view about aging changes your behavior. The people who have a positive

view about aging are more likely to go out there and garden for the day and get a little bit

exercise that way or go volunteer in their community and get established relationships and

friendships that way. So it turns out that beliefs really do become your biology, but because they

change your behavior. Now, the nice thing is it's in our control. We can stop telling ourselves

this nonsense of I'm having a senior moment, even if you are. Why would we reinforce it?

It's literally making us die sooner. So Nair, we talked about learned helplessness already,

which is a big aspect of the third part of your book, which is on the power to do what you believe.

So I want to talk about Joseph Campbell. When I think about the power of myth, what I really think

he's talking about underneath that is the power of ritual. And this is something that you really

talk about in chapter nine on prayer, ritual and transformation. And what you write is regardless

of what you believe, if you believe in God, if you don't, humans across all cultures rely on ritual

during periods of uncertainty. So how do our rituals strengthen our agency?

This was an area that really did affect my life. We're coming full circle with the beginning of

the conversation where I told you that this is a book that was very personal for me. And I stopped

praying at about seven years old. And I remember when I was around six years old, my family was going

through a really hard time. They were only three years in this country and they got scammed out of

almost every dollar they had. Some inscrutious con man had taken basically all their money.

And I remember my parents had a really tough time. They were constantly fighting. And I would go

out to my driveway in the morning before anyone else woke up. I was the youngest member of my family.

And I would go out there and I would look up and I would talk to this voice. And that voice I called

God. And I remember that voice giving me a lot of comfort. But then as I got older, I couldn't

prove that anyone was listening. It didn't speak to me to believe in something supernatural that I

couldn't prove because I had this conviction that it had to be effect. And if it wasn't a fact,

then who was I talking to? And then as I was doing the research for beyond belief, I kept coming

across the incredible power prayer that people who pray live longer, they make more money, they

have more friends, they contribute more to their community. It seemed like all these good things

were happening to people who pray. However, I also found a data that found that people who are

spiritual but not religious have much worse mental health outcomes. I'm not just saying this.

You're going to look up the studies for yourself. People who call themselves spiritual but not

religious have much higher rates of anxiety and depression disorders than people who pray.

So I thought this was not for me. There was nothing here for me. I was jealous of these results,

but I don't really have a particular faith in the supernatural. So how could I benefit from this?

Well, turns out there's a study that changed everything. And that study found

that when there were three groups of people who were asked to do a standard protocol to test

pain tolerance. And here's what the study looked like. They asked three groups of people to put

their hands in very cold water, ice cold water. And they timed how long they could last in that cold

water. And they also tracked what was happening on their faces where they grimacing and complaining

or what happened. And so they measured how much pain tolerance they had. And for those three

groups, here's how they split them up. One group, they didn't teach anything. They said,

hey, just put your hand in this very cold water and let's see how you do. Let's see how long you

can last for. The next group were people who had some kind of faith tradition. They were Christian

or Muslim or Jewish or Buddhist. They had some kind of faith background. And they already knew how to

pray. Then there was a third group of people who they taught how to pray, who didn't have any kind

of faith background. So they didn't affiliate with any particular religion and they taught them how to

pray, but they said, you can substitute the word God for whatever is meaningful to you back to

your questions around meaning. It's the sum of all forces, it's mother nature, it's the universe,

whatever was meaningful to you, you can substitute that for the word God. Now, what's amazing here

is that the people who prayed out of a faith tradition had a much higher pain tolerance than

those who didn't pray at all. But even the people who prayed without faith also had a much higher

pain tolerance. Now, that is fascinating because there seems to be something in that practice that

pain and that prayer has some kind of protective effects. And I think this is particularly important

because for the first time, the largest religious group in America today are the nuns, not the

Catholic nuns, the N-O-N-E's, the people who like me don't have any particular affiliation to any

faith. And I think this is terrible. And I blame myself that I only thought that I could step into

a religious institution if I bought everything blindly. That I had to believe everything without

any doubt. And it turns out I was very wrong. That in fact, for this book, I went to five religious

leaders, it's excuse me, but it sounds like a set up for a joke. I went to a rabbi, a priest, a

an imam, a monk, and a swami. And I asked them all this. They all walk into a bar, right? I asked

them all the same question. Can you pray even when you have doubts about God? And I collected from

each and every one of them these principles that many of them were overlapping that were embedded

in all the religions. But there was something about each one of these faiths that I think any of us,

no matter what your faith background is, no matter whether you have a faith background at all,

you can incorporate these practices, not because they speak to an absolute truth that you need to

have blind faith in, but because they make you a better person in your community. They help you

reduce suffering. They help you give back in a way that allows you to be your best self to have

greater connection and ultimately live a better life. Nair, I'm going to end there. And I'm so

appreciative of you coming back on the show. And for the audience, I highly recommend Beyond

Belief, the science-backed way to stop limiting yourself and achieve extraordinary results.

The last thing, where can listeners go to buy the book and learn more about you?

Thank you, John. My book is, again, Beyond Belief. And actually, if you go to my website,

nearandfar.com, that's about like my first name, N-I-R, and far.com. We have a five-minute

belief change guide that's absolutely free. You don't have to buy anything. Just starts on this

process of helping you identify these limiting beliefs and adopt liberating beliefs. And that's

again at nearandfar.com. And I just want to give a shout out because your sub-stack is great as

well. So leave that out too. Thank you so much, Nair, for joining. Thank you, John.

That brings us to the end of today's conversation with Nair Al. What stood out most to me is how

invisible beliefs can be and how powerful they become precisely because we don't question them.

The assumptions you carry about yourself, about other people, about what is possible,

quietly shape your decisions, your resilience, and your experience of life.

Nair's work reminds us that change doesn't always start with new skills or new circumstances.

Sometimes it starts with seeing things differently. And once perception shifts, behavior often

follows. In many ways, this episode is a reminder that freedom isn't only external, it's cognitive.

And that insight leads directly into our next conversation. Next Tuesday, I'm joined by Arthur

Brooks, social scientist, best-selling author and one of the world's leading voices on happiness

and purpose. We're discussing his new book, The Meaning of Your Life, Finding Purpose and an

Age of Emptiness. While today's episode explored how beliefs shape perception and behavior,

Arthur examines something even broader. What makes a life meaningful in the first place?

It's a powerful continuation of what we've been discussing all month,

moving from belief to purpose and from perception to meaning.

Interesting to point out is when people get very far down the rabbit hole of conspiracy theories,

it's because they're trying to answer the question, why do things happen the way they do,

which is a cry for meaning. Anybody who is a meaning crisis is going to be prone to conspiracy

theories, for example, and there are much better ways to help them, like engaging them in modern

science or religion, or in my case, both. I'm a Christian believer who opts to be a scientist.

Actually, it's how we actually do that. The second is purpose, and you find that more and more

young people are struggling to answer the question, why am I doing what I'm doing? If you like,

they're going in circles, and nobody ever helps to explain what the goals and the direction of

their life can be, and then the last is significance. Why does my life matter?

If this episode resonated with you, share it with someone who might benefit.

Leave a five-star rating review on Apple Podcasts for Spotify and watch the full episode

on our YouTube channels. Until next time, remember, the life you experience is shaped not only by

what happens to you, but by the lens through which you interpret it. I'm John Miles, and you've

been PassionStruck.