The Evolution of the Rape Kit: Learning from the Legacy of Marty Goddard

In this episode, Pagan Kennedy, author of "The Secret History of the Rape Kit," reveals the untold story behind the rape kit, a forensic tool that revolutionized sexual assault investigations but whose creator, Marty Goddard, was erased from history. Through meticulous research, Kennedy uncovered how Goddard developed this life-changing evidence collection system in 1970s Chicago while facing systemic barriers and police attitudes that dismissed victims.

When Kennedy began researching the origins of the rape kit, she expected a straightforward story. What she discovered instead was a buried history of female innovation deliberately erased from public record. In 1970s Chicago, Marty Goddard encountered a system where police manuals explicitly stated "most women who report rapes are lying" and evidence collection was an afterthought. Determined to create change, Goddard developed a standardized system for collecting sexual assault evidence that would give credibility to survivors' accounts through science.

Kennedy's research exposes concerning modern issues as well. Despite DNA testing revolutionizing forensics, rape kits remain largely unchanged since the 1970s. With over 1,000 different versions nationwide, inconsistent protocols, invasive questioning, and accessibility barriers continue to plague the system. Perhaps most troubling is the persistent devaluation of sexual assault evidence, evidenced by the hundreds of thousands of untested kits discovered in warehouses nationwide.

The most revealing aspect of this history is Goddard's strategic decision to name the kit after police chief Louis Vitullo, knowing that in the male-dominated world of law enforcement, a woman's invention would never be adopted. This sacrifice ensured implementation but cost Goddard her rightful place in history until Kennedy's journalism brought her contributions to light. Now housed in the Smithsonian, the original rape kit represents both a breakthrough and a reminder of how women's contributions are often obscured.